Jolanta Zanelli1, Josephine Mollon1, Sven Sandin1, Craig Morgan1, Paola Dazzan1, Izabela Pilecka1, Tiago Reis Marques1, Anthony S David1, Kevin Morgan1, Paul Fearon1, Gillian A Doody1, Peter B Jones1, Robin M Murray1, Abraham Reichenberg1. 1. The Department of Psychosis Studies (Zanelli, Dazzan, Pilecka, Reis Marques, David, Murray, Reichenberg) and the Department of Psychology (Pilecka), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London; the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Mollon); the Department of Psychiatry (Sandin, Reichenberg), the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and the Friedman Brain Institute (Reichenberg), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Sandin); the Centre for Public Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (C. Morgan); the Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (K. Morgan); the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin (Fearon); the Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Doody); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., and the Institute of Mental Health, University College London (Jones).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is associated with a marked cognitive impairment that is widely believed to remain stable after illness onset. Yet, to date, 10-year prospective studies of cognitive functioning following the first episode with good methodology are rare. The authors examined whether schizophrenia patients experience cognitive decline after the first episode, whether this decline is generalized or confined to individual neuropsychological functions, and whether decline is specific to schizophrenia. METHODS: Participants were from a population-based case-control study of patients with first-episode psychosis who were followed prospectively up to 10 years after first admission. A neuropsychological battery was administered at index presentation and at follow-up to patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (N=65) or other psychoses (N=41) as well as to healthy comparison subjects (N=103). RESULTS: The schizophrenia group exhibited declines in IQ and in measures of verbal knowledge and of memory, but not processing speed or executive functions. Processing speed and executive function impairments were already present at the first episode and remained stable thereafter. The magnitude of declines ranged between 0.28 and 0.66 standard deviations. Decline in measures of memory was not specific to schizophrenia and was also apparent in the group of patients with other psychoses. Healthy individuals with low IQ showed no evidence of decline, suggesting that a decline is specific to psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses experience cognitive decline after illness onset, but the magnitude of decline varies across cognitive functions. Distinct mechanisms consequent to the illness and/or psychosocial factors may underlie impairments across different cognitive functions.
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is associated with a marked cognitive impairment that is widely believed to remain stable after illness onset. Yet, to date, 10-year prospective studies of cognitive functioning following the first episode with good methodology are rare. The authors examined whether schizophrenia patients experience cognitive decline after the first episode, whether this decline is generalized or confined to individual neuropsychological functions, and whether decline is specific to schizophrenia. METHODS: Participants were from a population-based case-control study of patients with first-episode psychosis who were followed prospectively up to 10 years after first admission. A neuropsychological battery was administered at index presentation and at follow-up to patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (N=65) or other psychoses (N=41) as well as to healthy comparison subjects (N=103). RESULTS: The schizophrenia group exhibited declines in IQ and in measures of verbal knowledge and of memory, but not processing speed or executive functions. Processing speed and executive function impairments were already present at the first episode and remained stable thereafter. The magnitude of declines ranged between 0.28 and 0.66 standard deviations. Decline in measures of memory was not specific to schizophrenia and was also apparent in the group of patients with other psychoses. Healthy individuals with low IQ showed no evidence of decline, suggesting that a decline is specific to psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses experience cognitive decline after illness onset, but the magnitude of decline varies across cognitive functions. Distinct mechanisms consequent to the illness and/or psychosocial factors may underlie impairments across different cognitive functions.
Authors: Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco; Felipe Rangel-Hassey; Pablo León-Ortiz; Alejandra Mondragón-Maya; Francisco Reyes-Madrigal; Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2020-05-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Cassandra M J Wannan; Cali F Bartholomeusz; Christos Pantelis; Maria A Di Biase; Warda T Syeda; M Mallar Chakravarty; Chad A Bousman; Ian P Everall; Patrick D McGorry; Andrew Zalesky; Vanessa L Cropley Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2021-09-24 Impact factor: 5.760
Authors: Mei Hong Xiu; Heng Yong Guan; Jian Min Zhao; Ke Qiang Wang; Yan Fen Pan; Xiu Ru Su; Yu Hong Wang; Jin Ming Guo; Long Jiang; Hong Yu Liu; Shi Guang Sun; Hao Ran Wu; Han Song Geng; Xiao Wen Liu; Hui Jing Yu; Bao Chun Wei; Xi Po Li; Tammy Trinh; Shu Ping Tan; Xiang Yang Zhang Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2020-03-17 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Suzanne N Avery; Kristan Armstrong; Maureen McHugo; Simon Vandekar; Jennifer Urbano Blackford; Neil D Woodward; Stephan Heckers Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2021-01-23 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Anne-Kathrin J Fett; Eva Velthorst; Abraham Reichenberg; Camilo J Ruggero; Jennifer L Callahan; Laura J Fochtmann; Gabrielle A Carlson; Greg Perlman; Evelyn J Bromet; Roman Kotov Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2020-04-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Jason Smucny; Tyler A Lesh; Vanessa C Zarubin; Tara A Niendam; J Daniel Ragland; Laura M Tully; Cameron S Carter Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2020-01-05 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Stephan T Egger; Julio Bobes; Katrin Rauen; Erich Seifritz; Stefan Vetter; Daniel Schuepbach Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2021-06-25 Impact factor: 4.157