C Hakulinen1,2, M Elovainio1,2, M Arffman2, S Lumme2, S Pirkola3,4, I Keskimäki2,3, K Manderbacka2, P Böckerman5,6,7. 1. Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 2. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 3. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 4. Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. 5. School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. 6. Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland. 7. IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between an onset of serious mental disorders before the age of 25 with subsequent employment, income and education outcomes. METHODS: Nationwide cohort study including individuals (n = 2 055 720) living in Finland between 1988-2015, who were alive at the end of the year they turned 25. Mental disorder diagnosis between ages 15 and 25 was used as the exposure. The level of education, employment status, annual wage or self-employment earnings, and annual total income between ages 25 and 52 (measurement years 1988-2015) were used as the outcomes. RESULTS: All serious mental disorders were associated with increased risk of not being employed and not having any secondary or higher education between ages 25 and 52. The earnings for individuals with serious mental disorders were considerably low, and the annual median total income remained rather stable between ages 25 and 52 for most of the mental disorder groups. CONCLUSIONS: Serious mental disorders are associated with low employment rates and poor educational outcomes, leading to a substantial loss of total earnings over the life course.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between an onset of serious mental disorders before the age of 25 with subsequent employment, income and education outcomes. METHODS: Nationwide cohort study including individuals (n = 2 055 720) living in Finland between 1988-2015, who were alive at the end of the year they turned 25. Mental disorder diagnosis between ages 15 and 25 was used as the exposure. The level of education, employment status, annual wage or self-employment earnings, and annual total income between ages 25 and 52 (measurement years 1988-2015) were used as the outcomes. RESULTS: All serious mental disorders were associated with increased risk of not being employed and not having any secondary or higher education between ages 25 and 52. The earnings for individuals with serious mental disorders were considerably low, and the annual median total income remained rather stable between ages 25 and 52 for most of the mental disorder groups. CONCLUSIONS: Serious mental disorders are associated with low employment rates and poor educational outcomes, leading to a substantial loss of total earnings over the life course.
Authors: Katalin Gémes; Emma Björkenstam; Syed Rahman; Klas Gustafsson; Heidi Taipale; Antti Tanskanen; Lisa Ekselius; Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz; Magnus Helgesson Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-06-14 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Seyede Hamide Rajaie; Sepideh Soltani; Zeinab Yazdanpanah; Tayebeh Zohrabi; Sara Beigrezaei; Sahar Mohseni-Takalloo; Mojtaba Kaviani; Scott C Forbes; Julien S Baker; Amin Salehi-Abargouei Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2022-05-06 Impact factor: 3.440
Authors: Kimmo Suokas; Anna-Maija Koivisto; Christian Hakulinen; Riittakerttu Kaltiala; Reijo Sund; Sonja Lumme; Olli Kampman; Sami Pirkola Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2020-03-01 Impact factor: 25.911