David Taïeb1, Rodney J Hicks2, Elif Hindié3, Benjamin A Guillet4, Anca Avram5, Pietro Ghedini6, Henri J Timmers7, Aaron T Scott8, Saeed Elojeimy9, Domenico Rubello10, Irène J Virgolini11, Stefano Fanti6, Sona Balogova12,13, Neeta Pandit-Taskar14, Karel Pacak15. 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille Cedex 05, France. david.taieb@ap-hm.fr. 2. Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Pessac, France. 4. Department of Radiopharmacy, La Timone University Hospital, CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. 5. Nuclear Medicine/Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 6. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Medicina Nucleare Metropolitana, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy. 7. Department of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 8. John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. 9. Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. 10. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Transfusional Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy. 11. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. 12. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Comenius University and St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Heydukova 10, 81250, Bratislava, Slovakia. 13. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Tenon Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, Paris, France. 14. Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. 15. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Diverse radionuclide imaging techniques are available for the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). Beyond their ability to detect and localise the disease, these imaging approaches variably characterise these tumours at the cellular and molecular levels and can guide therapy. Here we present updated guidelines jointly approved by the EANM and SNMMI for assisting nuclear medicine practitioners in not only the selection and performance of currently available single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography procedures, but also the interpretation and reporting of the results. METHODS: Guidelines from related fields and relevant literature have been considered in consultation with leading experts involved in the management of PPGL. The provided information should be applied according to local laws and regulations as well as the availability of various radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION: Since the European Association of Nuclear Medicine 2012 guidelines, the excellent results obtained with gallium-68 (68Ga)-labelled somatostatin analogues (SSAs) in recent years have simplified the imaging approach for PPGL patients that can also be used for selecting patients for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy as a potential alternative or complement to the traditional theranostic approach with iodine-123 (123I)/iodine-131 (131I)-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine. Genomic characterisation of subgroups with differing risk of lesion development and subsequent metastatic spread is refining the use of molecular imaging in the personalised approach to hereditary PPGL patients for detection, staging, and follow-up surveillance.
PURPOSE: Diverse radionuclide imaging techniques are available for the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). Beyond their ability to detect and localise the disease, these imaging approaches variably characterise these tumours at the cellular and molecular levels and can guide therapy. Here we present updated guidelines jointly approved by the EANM and SNMMI for assisting nuclear medicine practitioners in not only the selection and performance of currently available single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography procedures, but also the interpretation and reporting of the results. METHODS: Guidelines from related fields and relevant literature have been considered in consultation with leading experts involved in the management of PPGL. The provided information should be applied according to local laws and regulations as well as the availability of various radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION: Since the European Association of Nuclear Medicine 2012 guidelines, the excellent results obtained with gallium-68 (68Ga)-labelled somatostatin analogues (SSAs) in recent years have simplified the imaging approach for PPGLpatients that can also be used for selecting patients for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy as a potential alternative or complement to the traditional theranostic approach with iodine-123 (123I)/iodine-131 (131I)-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine. Genomic characterisation of subgroups with differing risk of lesion development and subsequent metastatic spread is refining the use of molecular imaging in the personalised approach to hereditary PPGLpatients for detection, staging, and follow-up surveillance.
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