Changwung Jo1, Sunho Ko1, Woo Cheol Shin2, Hyuk-Soo Han2, Myung Chul Lee2, Taehoon Ko3, Du Hyun Ro4. 1. Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. 2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. 3. Office of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. 4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. duhyunro@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: A blood transfusion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with an increase in complication and infection rates. However, no studies have been conducted to predict transfusion after TKA using a machine learning algorithm. The purpose of this study was to identify informative preoperative variables to create a machine learning model, and to provide a web-based transfusion risk-assessment system for clinical use. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 1686 patients who underwent TKA at our institution. Data for 43 preoperative variables, including medication history, laboratory values, and demographic characteristics, were collected. Variable selection was conducted using the recursive feature elimination algorithm. The transfusion group was defined as patients with haemoglobin (Hb) < 7 g/dL after TKA. A predictive model was developed using the gradient boosting machine, and the performance of the model was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Data sets from an independent institution were tested with the model for external validation. RESULTS: Of the 1686 patients who underwent TKA, 108 (6.4%) were categorized into the transfusion group. Six preoperative variables were selected, including preoperative Hb, platelet count, type of surgery, tranexamic acid, age, and body weight. The predictive model demonstrated good predictive performance using the six variables [AUC 0.842; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.820-0.856]. Performance was also good according to the external validation using 400 data from an independent institution (AUC 0.880; 95% CI 0.844-0.910). This web-based blood transfusion risk-assessment system can be accessed at http://safetka.net. CONCLUSIONS: A web-based predictive model for transfusion after TKA using a machine learning algorithm was developed using six preoperative variables. The model is simple, has been validated, showed good performance, and can be used before TKA to predict the risk of transfusion and guide appropriate precautions for high-risk patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic level II.
PURPOSE: A blood transfusion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with an increase in complication and infection rates. However, no studies have been conducted to predict transfusion after TKA using a machine learning algorithm. The purpose of this study was to identify informative preoperative variables to create a machine learning model, and to provide a web-based transfusion risk-assessment system for clinical use. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 1686 patients who underwent TKA at our institution. Data for 43 preoperative variables, including medication history, laboratory values, and demographic characteristics, were collected. Variable selection was conducted using the recursive feature elimination algorithm. The transfusion group was defined as patients with haemoglobin (Hb) < 7 g/dL after TKA. A predictive model was developed using the gradient boosting machine, and the performance of the model was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Data sets from an independent institution were tested with the model for external validation. RESULTS: Of the 1686 patients who underwent TKA, 108 (6.4%) were categorized into the transfusion group. Six preoperative variables were selected, including preoperative Hb, platelet count, type of surgery, tranexamic acid, age, and body weight. The predictive model demonstrated good predictive performance using the six variables [AUC 0.842; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.820-0.856]. Performance was also good according to the external validation using 400 data from an independent institution (AUC 0.880; 95% CI 0.844-0.910). This web-based blood transfusion risk-assessment system can be accessed at http://safetka.net. CONCLUSIONS: A web-based predictive model for transfusion after TKA using a machine learning algorithm was developed using six preoperative variables. The model is simple, has been validated, showed good performance, and can be used before TKA to predict the risk of transfusion and guide appropriate precautions for high-risk patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic level II.
Authors: Andreas Mitterecker; Axel Hofmann; Kevin M Trentino; Adam Lloyd; Michael F Leahy; Karin Schwarzbauer; Thomas Tschoellitsch; Carl Böck; Sepp Hochreiter; Jens Meier Journal: Transfusion Date: 2020-06-28 Impact factor: 3.157