Nataša Karas Kuželički1, Irena Prodan Žitnik1, David Gurwitz2, Adrian Llerena3, Ingolf Cascorbi4, Sofia Siest5, Maurizio Simmaco6, Marc Ansari7,8, Mario Pazzagli9, Chiara Di Resta10,11, Ivan Brandslund12, Matthias Schwab13,14,15, Pieter Vermeersch16, Jeantine E Lunshof17,18,19, George Dedoussis20, Christodoulos S Flordellis21, Uwe Fuhr22, Julia C Stingl23, Ron Hn van Schaik24,25, Vangelis G Manolopoulos26, Janja Marc1. 1. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 2. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. 3. Medical University Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain. 4. Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany. 5. INSERM UMR U1122, University of Loraine, Nancy, France. 6. Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 7. Onco-Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 8. Cansearch Research Laboratory, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. 9. University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 10. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. 11. Genomics Unit for Diagnosis of Human Genetics, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. 12. University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. 13. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. 14. Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany. 15. Department of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. 16. Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 17. University of Gröningen, University Medical Center Gröningen, Gröningen, The Netherlands. 18. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 19. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. 20. Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. 21. University of Patras, Patras, Greece. 22. Centre of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 23. University Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany. 24. Deptartment of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 25. European Society of Pharmacogenomics & Personalised Therapy, Via Carlo Farini 81, Milan, Italy. 26. Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Abstract
Aim: The need for pharmacogenomic education is becoming more and more urgent. Our aim was to evaluate the progress in pharmacogenomics education since then, and to put forward further recommendations. Methods: A survey was sent to 248 schools of medicine, pharmacy, nursing and health professions around the world. Results: The majority of the study programs (87%) include pharmacogenomics education, which is generally taught as part of the pharmacology curriculum. On average, educators and teachers have selected appropriate and highly relevant pharmacogenomics biomarkers to include in their teaching programs. Conclusions: Based on the results, we can conclude that the state of pharmacogenomics education at the surveyed universities has improved substantially since 2005.
Aim: The need for pharmacogenomic education is becoming more and more urgent. Our aim was to evaluate the progress in pharmacogenomics education since then, and to put forward further recommendations. Methods: A survey was sent to 248 schools of medicine, pharmacy, nursing and health professions around the world. Results: The majority of the study programs (87%) include pharmacogenomics education, which is generally taught as part of the pharmacology curriculum. On average, educators and teachers have selected appropriate and highly relevant pharmacogenomics biomarkers to include in their teaching programs. Conclusions: Based on the results, we can conclude that the state of pharmacogenomics education at the surveyed universities has improved substantially since 2005.
Keywords:
education; global survey; medicine; pharmacogenomics; pharmacy; recommendations
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