Tiffani C Chance1, Christopher R Rathbone, Robin M Kamucheka, Grantham C Peltier, Andrew P Cap, James A Bynum. 1. From the Blood and Coagulation Research Task Area, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, (T.C.C., R.M.K., G.C.P., A.P.C., J.A.B.), Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, (T.C.C., C.R.R.) San Antonio, Texas.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as a cell-free therapy in wound healing applications. Because EV populations are not equivalent, rigorous characterization is needed before clinical use. Although there has been much focus on their RNA composition and regenerative capabilities, relatively less is known regarding the effects of MSC cell type (adipose tissue [Ad-MSCs] or bone marrow [BM-MSCs]) and culture condition (monolayer or spheroid) on MSC-EV performance, including characteristics related to their ability to promote coagulation, which could determine EV safety if administered intravenously. METHODS: The successful isolation of EVs derived from Ad-MSCs or BM-MSCs cultured in either monolayer or spheroid cultures was confirmed by NanoSight (particle size distribution) and Western blot (surface marker expression). Extracellular vesicle surface expression of procoagulant molecules (tissue factor and phosphatidylserine) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Extracellular vesicle thrombogenicity was tested using calibrated thrombogram, and clotting parameters were assessed using thromboelastography and a flow-based adhesion model simulating blood flow over a collagen-expressing surface. RESULTS: The MSC cell type and culture condition did not impact EV size distribution. Extracellular vesicles from all groups expressed phosphatidylserine and tissue factor on their surfaces were functionally thrombogenic and tended to increase clotting rates compared to the negative control of serum-free media without EVs. On average, EVs did not form significantly larger or stronger clots than the negative control, regardless of cell source or culture condition. Additionally, EVs interfered with platelet adhesion in an in vitro flow-based assay. CONCLUSION: Adipose-derived EVs were more thrombogenic and expressed higher amounts of phosphatidylserine. Our findings suggest that, like intact MSCs, source variability among EVs is an important factor when considering EVs for potential therapeutic purposes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic care management, level II.
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as a cell-free therapy in wound healing applications. Because EV populations are not equivalent, rigorous characterization is needed before clinical use. Although there has been much focus on their RNA composition and regenerative capabilities, relatively less is known regarding the effects of MSC cell type (adipose tissue [Ad-MSCs] or bone marrow [BM-MSCs]) and culture condition (monolayer or spheroid) on MSC-EV performance, including characteristics related to their ability to promote coagulation, which could determine EV safety if administered intravenously. METHODS: The successful isolation of EVs derived from Ad-MSCs or BM-MSCs cultured in either monolayer or spheroid cultures was confirmed by NanoSight (particle size distribution) and Western blot (surface marker expression). Extracellular vesicle surface expression of procoagulant molecules (tissue factor and phosphatidylserine) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Extracellular vesicle thrombogenicity was tested using calibrated thrombogram, and clotting parameters were assessed using thromboelastography and a flow-based adhesion model simulating blood flow over a collagen-expressing surface. RESULTS: The MSC cell type and culture condition did not impact EV size distribution. Extracellular vesicles from all groups expressed phosphatidylserine and tissue factor on their surfaces were functionally thrombogenic and tended to increase clotting rates compared to the negative control of serum-free media without EVs. On average, EVs did not form significantly larger or stronger clots than the negative control, regardless of cell source or culture condition. Additionally, EVs interfered with platelet adhesion in an in vitro flow-based assay. CONCLUSION: Adipose-derived EVs were more thrombogenic and expressed higher amounts of phosphatidylserine. Our findings suggest that, like intact MSCs, source variability among EVs is an important factor when considering EVs for potential therapeutic purposes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic care management, level II.
Authors: Verena Börger; Daniel J Weiss; Johnathon D Anderson; Francesc E Borràs; Benedetta Bussolati; David R F Carter; Massimo Dominici; Juan M Falcón-Pérez; Mario Gimona; Andrew F Hill; Andrew M Hoffman; Dominique de Kleijn; Bruce L Levine; Rebecca Lim; Jan Lötvall; S Alex Mitsialis; Marta Monguió-Tortajada; Maurizio Muraca; Rienk Nieuwland; Anna Nowocin; Lorraine O'Driscoll; Luis A Ortiz; Donald G Phinney; Ilona Reischl; Eva Rohde; Ralf Sanzenbacher; Clotilde Théry; Wei Seong Toh; Kenneth W Witwer; Sai Kiang Lim; Bernd Giebel Journal: Cytotherapy Date: 2020-05-16 Impact factor: 5.414
Authors: Marcela Rosas; David A Slatter; Samya G Obaji; Jason P Webber; Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta; Christopher P Thomas; Maceler Aldrovandi; Victoria J Tyrrell; Peter V Jenkins; Valerie B O'Donnell; Peter W Collins Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-10-08 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Jatin Machhi; Farah Shahjin; Srijanee Das; Milankumar Patel; Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty; Jacob D Cohen; Preet Amol Singh; Ashish Baldi; Neha Bajwa; Raj Kumar; Lalit K Vora; Tapan A Patel; Maxim D Oleynikov; Dhruvkumar Soni; Pravin Yeapuri; Insiya Mukadam; Rajashree Chakraborty; Caroline G Saksena; Jonathan Herskovitz; Mahmudul Hasan; David Oupicky; Suvarthi Das; Ryan F Donnelly; Kenneth S Hettie; Linda Chang; Howard E Gendelman; Bhavesh D Kevadiya Journal: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol Date: 2021-02-05 Impact factor: 7.285
Authors: Athanasia Warnecke; Jennifer Harre; Hinrich Staecker; Nils Prenzler; Dirk Strunk; Sebastien Couillard-Despres; Pasquale Romanelli; Julia Hollerweger; Teresa Lassacher; Daniela Auer; Karin Pachler; Georg Wietzorrek; Ulrike Köhl; Thomas Lenarz; Katharina Schallmoser; Sandra Laner-Plamberger; Christine S Falk; Eva Rohde; Mario Gimona Journal: Clin Transl Med Date: 2020-12