Yates Yen Yu Chao1, Chiranjiv Chhabra2, Niamh Corduff3, Sabrina Guillen Fabi4, Carl S Hornfeldt5, Martina Kerscher6, Stephanie Lam7, Tatjana Pavicic8, Peter H L Peng9, Rainer Pooth10, Berthold Rzany11, Kyle Seo12, Atchima Suwanchinda13, Fang-Wen Tseng14, Thorin L Geister10. 1. CHAO Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Skin Alive, Delhi, India. 3. Aesthetic Breast Surgery Centre, Corduff, Australia. 4. Goldman Butterwick Fitzpatrick Groff & Fabi, Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, San Diego, California. 5. Apothekon, Inc., Woodbury, Minnesota. 6. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. 7. Central Health Medical Practice, Hong Kong, China. 8. Private Practice for Dermatology and Aesthetics, Munich, Germany. 9. P-Skin Professional Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan. 10. Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany. 11. RZANY & HUND, Privatpraxis, Berlin, Germany. 12. Department of Dermatology, Modelo Clinic, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 13. International Training Center in Laser Surgery, Ramathibodi University Hospital, Bankok, Thailand. 14. Taoyuan Milano Aesthetic Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As the number of aesthetic treatments has grown, so have the number of photonumeric assessment scales used to compare the effectiveness of these aesthetic treatments in specific anatomical areas; however, these are primarily based on Caucasian features. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the first aesthetic scale for assessing the slope of the Asian forehead. A secondary objective was to correlate this scale with subject demographics and baseline characteristics. METHODS: During 2 validation sessions, 13 raters assessed full frontal and lateral facial images of female (n = 28; 56.0%) and male (n = 22; 44%) subjects. For each subject, the severity of forehead sloping was graded from 0 (convex forehead, optimal forehead volume) to 4 (concave forehead, very severe sloping). Raters also assessed the age of each subject and the estimated aesthetic treatment effort required to treat each subject. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was "substantial" with scores of 0.67 and 0.68 for the first and second validation sessions, indicating high reliability. BMI showed the highest correlation with the scale and was a significant predictor in the final regression model. CONCLUSION: This photonumeric assessment scale will be useful for assessing the slope of the Asian forehead in both clinical and research settings.
BACKGROUND: As the number of aesthetic treatments has grown, so have the number of photonumeric assessment scales used to compare the effectiveness of these aesthetic treatments in specific anatomical areas; however, these are primarily based on Caucasian features. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the first aesthetic scale for assessing the slope of the Asian forehead. A secondary objective was to correlate this scale with subject demographics and baseline characteristics. METHODS: During 2 validation sessions, 13 raters assessed full frontal and lateral facial images of female (n = 28; 56.0%) and male (n = 22; 44%) subjects. For each subject, the severity of forehead sloping was graded from 0 (convex forehead, optimal forehead volume) to 4 (concave forehead, very severe sloping). Raters also assessed the age of each subject and the estimated aesthetic treatment effort required to treat each subject. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was "substantial" with scores of 0.67 and 0.68 for the first and second validation sessions, indicating high reliability. BMI showed the highest correlation with the scale and was a significant predictor in the final regression model. CONCLUSION: This photonumeric assessment scale will be useful for assessing the slope of the Asian forehead in both clinical and research settings.