Jaana M Kinnunen1, Hanna Ollila2, Jaana Minkkinen3, Pirjo L Lindfors4, David S Timberlake5, Arja H Rimpelä6. 1. Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: jaana.kinnunen@tuni.fi. 2. Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 3. Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 4. Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; PERLA - Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 5. Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA. 6. Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; PERLA - Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitkäniemi Hospital, Nokia, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies indicate an association between e-cigarette use and subsequent smoking among youth. However, most previous studies lack measures of the nicotine content of e-liquid and have not usually measured regular smoking. METHODS: We tested the association between e-cigarette use, with and without nicotine, and subsequent daily use of conventional cigarettes and nicotine e-cigarettes among study population of 3474 students. A survey was conducted in lower secondary schools of the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, with 15 - 16-year-olds in 2014 (baseline) and in upper secondary schools in 2016 when the cohort was 17 - 18-year-olds (follow-up). Firth logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used. RESULTS: Of students, 25% had experimented with nicotine e-cigarettes at baseline and 40% at follow-up. Among baseline never-smokers, experimentation with or use of nicotine e-cigarettes predicted the uptake of daily smoking at follow-up (AOR 2.92; 95% CI 1.09-7.85), but baseline experimentation with non-nicotine e-cigarettes did not when compared with the non-e-cigarette experimenters. Nicotine e-cigarette experimentation at baseline predicted daily nicotine e-cigarette use at follow-up (AOR 2.96; 95% CI 1.22-7.22). Non-nicotine e-cigarette experimentation at baseline did not predict statistically significantly daily nicotine e-cigarette use at follow-up (AOR 3.13; 95% CI 0.98-10.02). The small number of cases may have diminished the statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that experimentation with nicotine e-cigarettes serves as a gateway to subsequent use of conventional cigarettes as well as nicotine e-cigarettes. Our results support the actions to limit youths' access to e-cigarettes in order to prevent nicotine addiction.
BACKGROUND: Several studies indicate an association between e-cigarette use and subsequent smoking among youth. However, most previous studies lack measures of the nicotine content of e-liquid and have not usually measured regular smoking. METHODS: We tested the association between e-cigarette use, with and without nicotine, and subsequent daily use of conventional cigarettes and nicotine e-cigarettes among study population of 3474 students. A survey was conducted in lower secondary schools of the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, with 15 - 16-year-olds in 2014 (baseline) and in upper secondary schools in 2016 when the cohort was 17 - 18-year-olds (follow-up). Firth logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used. RESULTS: Of students, 25% had experimented with nicotine e-cigarettes at baseline and 40% at follow-up. Among baseline never-smokers, experimentation with or use of nicotine e-cigarettes predicted the uptake of daily smoking at follow-up (AOR 2.92; 95% CI 1.09-7.85), but baseline experimentation with non-nicotine e-cigarettes did not when compared with the non-e-cigarette experimenters. Nicotine e-cigarette experimentation at baseline predicted daily nicotine e-cigarette use at follow-up (AOR 2.96; 95% CI 1.22-7.22). Non-nicotine e-cigarette experimentation at baseline did not predict statistically significantly daily nicotine e-cigarette use at follow-up (AOR 3.13; 95% CI 0.98-10.02). The small number of cases may have diminished the statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that experimentation with nicotine e-cigarettes serves as a gateway to subsequent use of conventional cigarettes as well as nicotine e-cigarettes. Our results support the actions to limit youths' access to e-cigarettes in order to prevent nicotine addiction.
Authors: Doireann O'Brien; Jean Long; Joan Quigley; Caitriona Lee; Anne McCarthy; Paul Kavanagh Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2021-06-03 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Sharon A McGrath-Morrow; Julie Gorzkowski; Judith A Groner; Ana M Rule; Karen Wilson; Susanne E Tanski; Joseph M Collaco; Jonathan D Klein Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2020-02-11 Impact factor: 9.703