Hirotoshi Watanabe1, Takenori Domei2, Takeshi Morimoto3, Masahiro Natsuaki4, Hiroki Shiomi1, Toshiaki Toyota5, Masanobu Ohya6, Satoru Suwa7, Kensuke Takagi8, Mamoru Nanasato9, Yoshiki Hata10, Masahiro Yagi11, Nobuhiro Suematsu12, Takafumi Yokomatsu13, Itaru Takamisawa14, Masayuki Doi15, Toshiyuki Noda16, Hideki Okayama17, Yoshitane Seino18, Tomohisa Tada19, Hiroki Sakamoto19, Kiyoshi Hibi20, Mitsuru Abe21, Kazuya Kawai22, Koichi Nakao23, Kenji Ando2, Kengo Tanabe24, Yuji Ikari25, Keiichi Igarashi Hanaoka26, Yoshihiro Morino27, Ken Kozuma28, Kazushige Kadota6, Yutaka Furukawa5, Yoshihisa Nakagawa29, Takeshi Kimura1. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 2. Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyusyu, Japan. 3. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan. 4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan. 5. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan. 6. Department of Cardiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan. 7. Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Japan. 8. Department of Cardiology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan. 9. Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. 10. Department of Cardiology, Minamino Cardiovascular Hospital, Hachioji, Japan. 11. Department of Cardiology, Sendai Cardiovascular Center, Sendai, Japan. 12. Department of Cardiology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. 13. Department of Cardiology, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. 14. Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Fuchu, Japan. 15. Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan. 16. Department of Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan. 17. Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan. 18. Department of Cardiology, Hoshi General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan. 19. Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. 20. Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. 21. Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. 22. Department of Cardiology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan. 23. Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Kumamoto, Japan. 24. Department of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 25. Department of Cardiology, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Japan. 26. Hanaoka Seishu Memorial Cardiovascular Clinic, Sapporo, Japan. 27. Department of Cardiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Morioka, Japan. 28. Department of Cardiology, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 29. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Abstract
Importance: Very short mandatory dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent may be an attractive option. Objective: To test the hypothesis of noninferiority of 1 month of DAPT compared with standard 12 months of DAPT for a composite end point of cardiovascular and bleeding events. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial enrolling 3045 patients who underwent PCI at 90 hospitals in Japan from December 2015 through December 2017. Final 1-year clinical follow-up was completed in January 2019. Interventions: Patients were randomized either to 1 month of DAPT followed by clopidogrel monotherapy (n=1523) or to 12 months of DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel (n=1522). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, definite stent thrombosis, or major or minor bleeding at 12 months, with a relative noninferiority margin of 50%. The major secondary cardiovascular end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, MI, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, or definite stent thrombosis and the major secondary bleeding end point was major or minor bleeding. Results: Among 3045 patients randomized, 36 withdrew consent; of 3009 remaining, 2974 (99%) completed the trial. One-month DAPT was both noninferior and superior to 12-month DAPT for the primary end point, occurring in 2.36% with 1-month DAPT and 3.70% with 12-month DAPT (absolute difference, -1.34% [95% CI, -2.57% to -0.11%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.42-0.98]), meeting criteria for noninferiority (P < .001) and for superiority (P = .04). The major secondary cardiovascular end point occurred in 1.96% with 1-month DAPT and 2.51% with 12-month DAPT (absolute difference, -0.55% [95% CI, -1.62% to 0.52%]; HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49-1.29]), meeting criteria for noninferiority (P = .005) but not for superiority (P = .34). The major secondary bleeding end point occurred in 0.41% with 1-month DAPT and 1.54% with 12-month DAPT (absolute difference, -1.13% [95% CI, -1.84% to -0.42%]; HR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.11-0.64]; P = .004 for superiority). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients undergoing PCI, 1 month of DAPT followed by clopidogrel monotherapy, compared with 12 months of DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel, resulted in a significantly lower rate of a composite of cardiovascular and bleeding events, meeting criteria for both noninferiority and superiority. These findings suggest that a shorter duration of DAPT may provide benefit, although given study limitations, additional research is needed in other populations. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02619760.
RCT Entities:
Importance: Very short mandatory dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent may be an attractive option. Objective: To test the hypothesis of noninferiority of 1 month of DAPT compared with standard 12 months of DAPT for a composite end point of cardiovascular and bleeding events. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial enrolling 3045 patients who underwent PCI at 90 hospitals in Japan from December 2015 through December 2017. Final 1-year clinical follow-up was completed in January 2019. Interventions: Patients were randomized either to 1 month of DAPT followed by clopidogrel monotherapy (n=1523) or to 12 months of DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel (n=1522). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, definite stent thrombosis, or major or minor bleeding at 12 months, with a relative noninferiority margin of 50%. The major secondary cardiovascular end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, MI, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, or definite stent thrombosis and the major secondary bleeding end point was major or minor bleeding. Results: Among 3045 patients randomized, 36 withdrew consent; of 3009 remaining, 2974 (99%) completed the trial. One-month DAPT was both noninferior and superior to 12-month DAPT for the primary end point, occurring in 2.36% with 1-month DAPT and 3.70% with 12-month DAPT (absolute difference, -1.34% [95% CI, -2.57% to -0.11%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.42-0.98]), meeting criteria for noninferiority (P < .001) and for superiority (P = .04). The major secondary cardiovascular end point occurred in 1.96% with 1-month DAPT and 2.51% with 12-month DAPT (absolute difference, -0.55% [95% CI, -1.62% to 0.52%]; HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49-1.29]), meeting criteria for noninferiority (P = .005) but not for superiority (P = .34). The major secondary bleeding end point occurred in 0.41% with 1-month DAPT and 1.54% with 12-month DAPT (absolute difference, -1.13% [95% CI, -1.84% to -0.42%]; HR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.11-0.64]; P = .004 for superiority). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients undergoing PCI, 1 month of DAPT followed by clopidogrel monotherapy, compared with 12 months of DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel, resulted in a significantly lower rate of a composite of cardiovascular and bleeding events, meeting criteria for both noninferiority and superiority. These findings suggest that a shorter duration of DAPT may provide benefit, although given study limitations, additional research is needed in other populations. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02619760.
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