Ethan Rogers1, Christopher Irwin1, Danielle McCartney2, Gregory R Cox3, Ben Desbrow4. 1. School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. 2. School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia; Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Australia. 3. Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Australia. 4. School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Australia. Electronic address: b.desbrow@griffith.edu.au.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Skin tattoos have been shown to reduce localised sweat rate and increase sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]) when sweating is artificially stimulated. This study investigated whether similar responses are observed with exercise-induced sweating. DESIGN: Unblinded, within-participant control, single trial. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy individuals (25.1±4.8 y (Mean±SD), 14 males) with a unilateral tattoo ≥11.4cm2 in size, ≥2 months in age, and shaded ≥50% participated in this investigation. Participants undertook 20min of intermittent cycling (4×5min intervals) on a stationary ergometer in a controlled environment (24.6±1.1°C; 64±6% RH). Resultant sweat was collected into absorbent patches applied at two pairs of contralateral skin sites (pair 1: Tattoo vs. Non-Tattoo; pair 2: Control 1 vs. Control 2 (both non-tattooed)), for determination of sweat rate and sweat [Na+]. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine differences between contralateral sites. RESULTS: Tattoo vs. Non-Tattoo: Neither sweat rate (Mean±SD: 0.92±0.37 vs. 0.94±0.43mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively; p=0.693) nor sweat [Na+] (Median(IQR): 37(32-52) vs. 37(31-45) mM·L-1, respectively; p=0.827) differed. Control 1 vs. Control 2: Neither sweat rate (Mean±SD: 1.19±0.53 vs. 1.19±0.53mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively; p=0.917) nor sweat [Na+] (Median(IQR): 29(26-41) vs. 31(25-43)mM·L-1, respectively; p=0.147) differed. The non-significant differences for sweat rate and [Na+] between Tattoo vs. Non-Tattoo were inside the range of the within participant variability (sweat rate CVi=5.4%; sweat [Na+] CVi=4.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Skin tattoos do not appear to alter the rate or [Na+] of exercise-induced sweating. The influence of skin tattoos on localised sweat responses may have previously been over-estimated.
OBJECTIVES: Skin tattoos have been shown to reduce localised sweat rate and increase sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]) when sweating is artificially stimulated. This study investigated whether similar responses are observed with exercise-induced sweating. DESIGN: Unblinded, within-participant control, single trial. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy individuals (25.1±4.8 y (Mean±SD), 14 males) with a unilateral tattoo ≥11.4cm2 in size, ≥2 months in age, and shaded ≥50% participated in this investigation. Participants undertook 20min of intermittent cycling (4×5min intervals) on a stationary ergometer in a controlled environment (24.6±1.1°C; 64±6% RH). Resultant sweat was collected into absorbent patches applied at two pairs of contralateral skin sites (pair 1: Tattoo vs. Non-Tattoo; pair 2: Control 1 vs. Control 2 (both non-tattooed)), for determination of sweat rate and sweat [Na+]. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine differences between contralateral sites. RESULTS: Tattoo vs. Non-Tattoo: Neither sweat rate (Mean±SD: 0.92±0.37 vs. 0.94±0.43mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively; p=0.693) nor sweat [Na+] (Median(IQR): 37(32-52) vs. 37(31-45) mM·L-1, respectively; p=0.827) differed. Control 1 vs. Control 2: Neither sweat rate (Mean±SD: 1.19±0.53 vs. 1.19±0.53mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively; p=0.917) nor sweat [Na+] (Median(IQR): 29(26-41) vs. 31(25-43)mM·L-1, respectively; p=0.147) differed. The non-significant differences for sweat rate and [Na+] between Tattoo vs. Non-Tattoo were inside the range of the within participant variability (sweat rate CVi=5.4%; sweat [Na+] CVi=4.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Skin tattoos do not appear to alter the rate or [Na+] of exercise-induced sweating. The influence of skin tattoos on localised sweat responses may have previously been over-estimated.
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