Otto Ruokolainen1, Hanna Ollila2, Jouni Lahti3, Ossi Rahkonen4. 1. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health Solutions, Helsinki, Finland, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271, Po Box 30, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: otto.ruokolainen@thl.fi. 2. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health Solutions, Helsinki, Finland, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271, Po Box 30, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: hanna.ollila@thl.fi. 3. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, 00014 University of Helsinki, Po Box 20, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: jouni.mm.lahti@helsinki.fi. 4. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, 00014 University of Helsinki, Po Box 20, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: ossi.rahkonen@helsinki.fi.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differences in smoking and other tobacco use are prevalent in adolescents. Less is known about the association between intergenerational social mobility and tobacco use. METHODS: Five waves of national cross-sectional School Health Promotion Study during 2008-2017 in Finland were used, including non-academically and academically oriented adolescents (15-21 years, N = 384,379). The adolescents' educational orientation was compared with the educational track of the parents as a proxy for intergenerational social mobility, which was used as the independent variable in regression models to examine the differences in daily smoking and daily snus use. RESULTS: Smoking declined in all mobility groups over time, but remained more prevalent among non-academically oriented adolescents among boys and girls. Daily snus use among boys increased over time in all mobility groups. Multiple adjusted models showed that upward mobility and downward mobility are differently associated with tobacco use, the latter increasing the probability of tobacco use compared with the stable high group (boys: smoking: OR = 5.24, 95% CI 5.02-5.46; snus use: OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.50-1.66). In smoking, absolute socioeconomic differences between the mobility groups decreased over time while relative differences increased. In snus use, both absolute and relative differences increased. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent smoking and snus use associate strongly with the adolescent's educational track, irrespective of the social mobility class. Non-academically oriented adolescents have an increased risk of tobacco use. The academic and non-academic orientation should already be taken into account in tobacco use prevention in basic education.
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differences in smoking and other tobacco use are prevalent in adolescents. Less is known about the association between intergenerational social mobility and tobacco use. METHODS: Five waves of national cross-sectional School Health Promotion Study during 2008-2017 in Finland were used, including non-academically and academically oriented adolescents (15-21 years, N = 384,379). The adolescents' educational orientation was compared with the educational track of the parents as a proxy for intergenerational social mobility, which was used as the independent variable in regression models to examine the differences in daily smoking and daily snus use. RESULTS: Smoking declined in all mobility groups over time, but remained more prevalent among non-academically oriented adolescents among boys and girls. Daily snus use among boys increased over time in all mobility groups. Multiple adjusted models showed that upward mobility and downward mobility are differently associated with tobacco use, the latter increasing the probability of tobacco use compared with the stable high group (boys: smoking: OR = 5.24, 95% CI 5.02-5.46; snus use: OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.50-1.66). In smoking, absolute socioeconomic differences between the mobility groups decreased over time while relative differences increased. In snus use, both absolute and relative differences increased. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent smoking and snus use associate strongly with the adolescent's educational track, irrespective of the social mobility class. Non-academically oriented adolescents have an increased risk of tobacco use. The academic and non-academic orientation should already be taken into account in tobacco use prevention in basic education.