OBJECTIVE: To assess the spatial distribution of TB and malaria incidence, as well as their spatial association with each other, regardless of environmental and socio-economic factors commonly reported as determinants of both disease rates among the municipalities of Amazonas State, Brazil between 2012 and 2015. METHODS: Through an ecological approach considering municipalities of Amazonas, Brazil, as unit of analysis, a negative binomial regression model was used to assess association between malaria and TB rates, in which the dependent variable was the average municipal tuberculosis incidence rate. RESULTS: Positive associations of overall malaria (β = 0.100 [CI = 0.032, 0.168], P = 0.004), P. vivax malaria (β = 0.115 [CI = 0.036, 0.195], P = 0.005), and P. falciparum malaria (β = 0.389 [CI = -0.0124, 0.791], P = 0.057) with TB rates were found, regardless of the sociodemographic factors included in the study. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian Amazon, TB and malaria are spatially associated. Therefore, it is very likely that co-infections also occur in this region, regardless of the HIV status.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the spatial distribution of TB and malaria incidence, as well as their spatial association with each other, regardless of environmental and socio-economic factors commonly reported as determinants of both disease rates among the municipalities of Amazonas State, Brazil between 2012 and 2015. METHODS: Through an ecological approach considering municipalities of Amazonas, Brazil, as unit of analysis, a negative binomial regression model was used to assess association between malaria and TB rates, in which the dependent variable was the average municipal tuberculosis incidence rate. RESULTS: Positive associations of overall malaria (β = 0.100 [CI = 0.032, 0.168], P = 0.004), P. vivax malaria (β = 0.115 [CI = 0.036, 0.195], P = 0.005), and P. falciparum malaria (β = 0.389 [CI = -0.0124, 0.791], P = 0.057) with TB rates were found, regardless of the sociodemographic factors included in the study. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian Amazon, TB and malaria are spatially associated. Therefore, it is very likely that co-infections also occur in this region, regardless of the HIV status.
Authors: Kefyalew Addis Alene; Ahmed Elagali; Dylan D Barth; Susan F Rumisha; Punam Amratia; Daniel J Weiss; Kendalem Asmare Atalell; Andargachew Kumsa Erena; Peter W Gething; Archie C A Clements Journal: BMJ Glob Health Date: 2022-02
Authors: José Deney Araujo; Juan Carlo Santos-E-Silva; André Guilherme Costa-Martins; Vanderson Sampaio; Daniel Barros de Castro; Robson F de Souza; Jeevan Giddaluru; Pablo Ivan P Ramos; Robespierre Pita; Mauricio L Barreto; Manoel Barral-Netto; Helder I Nakaya Journal: PeerJ Date: 2022-07-11 Impact factor: 3.061