Feijie Wang1, Liang Sun1, Geng Zong1, Xianfu Gao2, Huiping Zhang2, Quan Xiong1, Shaofeng Huo1, Zhenhua Niu1, Qi Sun3,4, Rong Zeng2,5, Xu Lin1. 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. 3. Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, US. 4. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US. 5. Department of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about how metabolic perturbations are linked to hyperuricemia in the general population. Therefore we aimed to examine metabolomics profiles in relation to uric acid change and incident hyperuricemia. METHODS: This study included 1,621 community-dwelling Chinese participants aged 50-70 years without hyperuricemia at baseline, with mean duration of follow-up 6 years. A total of 56 metabolites (22 amino acids and 34 acylcarnitines) at baseline were quantified by gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Annual change in uric acid was calculated, and incident hyperuricemia was defined as plasma uric acid >420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women. RESULTS: The mean (SD) annual change in uric acid was 9.6 ± 12.1 μmol/L and the incidence of hyperuricemia was 23.1% (375/1,621). After adjustment for conventional risk factors, 9 metabolites (cysteine, glutamine, phenylalanine, threonine, and long-chain acylcarnitines C14:1OH, C18, C18:2, C20, and C20:4) were significantly associated with uric acid change (Bonferroni corrected P <0.05) and incident hyperuricemia (relative risks ranged from 1.14-1.21 per SD increment of metabolites; P <0.05). A network analysis showed significant associations between the module containing long-chain acylcarnitines and incident hyperuricemia. Moreover, levels of these 9 metabolites were specifically correlated with intake of foods including red and processed meat or soy products. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma cysteine, glutamine, phenylalanine, threonine, and long-chain acylcarnitines are positively associated with incident hyperuricemia. The levels of these metabolites may be partially driven by intakes of meat and soy products that are associated with hyperuricemia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about how metabolic perturbations are linked to hyperuricemia in the general population. Therefore we aimed to examine metabolomics profiles in relation to uric acid change and incident hyperuricemia. METHODS: This study included 1,621 community-dwelling Chinese participants aged 50-70 years without hyperuricemia at baseline, with mean duration of follow-up 6 years. A total of 56 metabolites (22 amino acids and 34 acylcarnitines) at baseline were quantified by gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Annual change in uric acid was calculated, and incident hyperuricemia was defined as plasma uric acid >420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women. RESULTS: The mean (SD) annual change in uric acid was 9.6 ± 12.1 μmol/L and the incidence of hyperuricemia was 23.1% (375/1,621). After adjustment for conventional risk factors, 9 metabolites (cysteine, glutamine, phenylalanine, threonine, and long-chain acylcarnitines C14:1OH, C18, C18:2, C20, and C20:4) were significantly associated with uric acid change (Bonferroni corrected P <0.05) and incident hyperuricemia (relative risks ranged from 1.14-1.21 per SD increment of metabolites; P <0.05). A network analysis showed significant associations between the module containing long-chain acylcarnitines and incident hyperuricemia. Moreover, levels of these 9 metabolites were specifically correlated with intake of foods including red and processed meat or soy products. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma cysteine, glutamine, phenylalanine, threonine, and long-chain acylcarnitines are positively associated with incident hyperuricemia. The levels of these metabolites may be partially driven by intakes of meat and soy products that are associated with hyperuricemia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.