Concomitant gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and menotropin treatment for the synchronized induction of multiple follicles.

In an effort to overcome possible interference by endogenous gonadotropin-ovarian hormone dynamics, desensitization of the pituitary gonadotropins by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) was achieved in 12 women with repeatedly failed attempts at multiple follicular stimulation. Eight women were scheduled for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), and 4 for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Stimulation failure was characterized by premature luteinization, poor estradiol (E2) response, or inadequate follicular growth. The agonist was administered by nasal spray 500 to 600 micrograms/day beginning on days 21 to 23 of the menstrual cycle. A rapid desensitization occurred by 7.6 +/- 0.6 days (mean +/- standard error [SE]) following the initial dose. Gonadotropin stimulation was begun when pituitary and ovarian suppression was judged to be adequate. In response to gonadotropin stimulation, a continuous rise of E2 was observed in all patients with a mean of 989 +/- 46 pg/ml on the day of hCG. A cohort of synchronized follicles was recruited and matured. The mean number of growing follicles per patient was significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) in combined therapy than in previously failed cycles (8.0 +/- 0.3 versus 3.2 +/- 0.1). All the patients underwent oocyte retrieval and 94.3% of the harvested oocytes were preovulatory. A high fertilization rate (89.7%) of the inseminated oocytes occurred in IVF patients.