OBJECTIVE: In the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD), the ankle-brachial index plays an important role. However, results of the ankle-brachial index are unreliable in patients with severe media sclerosis. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) can provide information about tissue perfusion and has already been studied in oncologic, reconstructive, and cardiac surgery. For patients with PAD, this technique might give insight into skin perfusion and thereby guide treatment. We performed a systematic review of the literature on the use of NIR fluorescence imaging in patients with PAD. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for articles and abstracts on the application of NIR fluorescence imaging using ICG as fluorescent dye in patients with PAD. Our search strategy combined the terms "fluorescence," "ICG," or synonyms and "peripheral artery disease" or synonyms. The extracted data included fluorescence parameters and test characteristics for diagnosis of PAD. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles were found eligible for this review using 18 different parameters for evaluation of the fluorescence signal intensity. NIR fluorescence imaging was used for four main indications: diagnosis, quality control in revascularization, guidance in amputation surgery, and visualization of vascular structures. For the diagnosis of PAD, NIR fluorescence imaging yields a sensitivity ranging from 67% to 100% and a specificity varying between 72% and 100%. Significant increases in multiple fluorescence parameters were found in comparing patients before and after revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: NIR fluorescence imaging can be used for several indications in patients with PAD. NIR fluorescence imaging seems promising in diagnosis of PAD and guidance of surgeons in treatment, especially in patients in whom current diagnostic methods are not applicable. Further standardization is needed to reliably use this modality in patients with PAD.
OBJECTIVE: In the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD), the ankle-brachial index plays an important role. However, results of the ankle-brachial index are unreliable in patients with severe media sclerosis. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) can provide information about tissue perfusion and has already been studied in oncologic, reconstructive, and cardiac surgery. For patients with PAD, this technique might give insight into skin perfusion and thereby guide treatment. We performed a systematic review of the literature on the use of NIR fluorescence imaging in patients with PAD. METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for articles and abstracts on the application of NIR fluorescence imaging using ICG as fluorescent dye in patients with PAD. Our search strategy combined the terms "fluorescence," "ICG," or synonyms and "peripheral artery disease" or synonyms. The extracted data included fluorescence parameters and test characteristics for diagnosis of PAD. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles were found eligible for this review using 18 different parameters for evaluation of the fluorescence signal intensity. NIR fluorescence imaging was used for four main indications: diagnosis, quality control in revascularization, guidance in amputation surgery, and visualization of vascular structures. For the diagnosis of PAD, NIR fluorescence imaging yields a sensitivity ranging from 67% to 100% and a specificity varying between 72% and 100%. Significant increases in multiple fluorescence parameters were found in comparing patients before and after revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: NIR fluorescence imaging can be used for several indications in patients with PAD. NIR fluorescence imaging seems promising in diagnosis of PAD and guidance of surgeons in treatment, especially in patients in whom current diagnostic methods are not applicable. Further standardization is needed to reliably use this modality in patients with PAD.
Authors: Ruben P J Meijer; Labrinus van Manen; Henk H Hartgrink; Jacobus Burggraaf; Sylvain Gioux; Alexander L Vahrmeijer; J Sven D Mieog Journal: J Biomed Opt Date: 2021-06 Impact factor: 3.170
Authors: Vincent Q Sier; Margreet R de Vries; Joost R van der Vorst; Alexander L Vahrmeijer; Cornelis van Kooten; Luis J Cruz; Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei; Valerie Ferreira; Cornelis F M Sier; Frauke Alves; Munitta Muthana Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2021-01-13 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Ruben P J Meijer; Robin A Faber; Okker D Bijlstra; Jeffrey P B M Braak; Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg; Hein Putter; J Sven D Mieog; Koos Burggraaf; Alexander L Vahrmeijer; Denise E Hilling Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2022-04-01 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Lauren N Goncalves; Pim van den Hoven; Jan van Schaik; Laura Leeuwenburgh; Cas H F Hendricks; Pieter S Verduijn; Koen E A van der Bogt; Carla S P van Rijswijk; Abbey Schepers; Alexander L Vahrmeijer; Jaap F Hamming; Joost R van der Vorst Journal: Life (Basel) Date: 2021-05-11