Lingli Zhang1, Yin Yang2, Yanhong Li3, Zhengmin Min Qian4, Wanli Xiao5, Xiaojie Wang6, Craig A Rolling4, Echu Liu4, Jianpeng Xiao7, Weilin Zeng7, Tao Liu8, Xing Li7, Zhenjiang Yao6, Hao Wang6, Wenjun Ma8, Hualiang Lin9. 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China. 2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China. 3. Department of Cancer Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China. 4. College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States of America. 5. Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 62700, PR China. 6. School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China. 7. Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou 511430, PR China. 8. Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou 511430, PR China; General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, South Medical University, Foshan 528200, PR China. 9. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China. Electronic address: linhualiang@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to ambient fine particle matter (PM2.5) on acute nasopharyngitis. METHODS: A total of 9468 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited from 10 communities in four cities of Guangdong, China during the baseline survey in 2014, and they were followed-up from January 2015 to December 2016. Air pollution exposure was assessed based on the daily concentrations (short-term) and annual concentrations (long-term) of the nearby air monitoring station and the survey date. A mixed-effect logistic model and Cox proportional hazards model were used to quantify the short-term and long-term associations after adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Significantly positive associations were found between both short-term and long-term exposures of PM2.5 and acute nasopharyngitis. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.23) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 at lag2 day (short-term effects), and the hazard risk was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.25) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 (long-term effects). Stronger associations between short-term PM2.5 exposure and acute nasopharyngitis were observed among men (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17) and participants aged above 65 years (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) in the stratified analyses. No significant association was found in women (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.10) or young participants ≤65 years (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.04). However, for the long-term exposure, the hazard risk was higher for participants younger than 65 years (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.32) than the older group (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.24). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that both short-term and long-term exposures to higher concentrations of PM2.5 could increase the risk of acute nasopharyngitis.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to ambient fine particle matter (PM2.5) on acute nasopharyngitis. METHODS: A total of 9468 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited from 10 communities in four cities of Guangdong, China during the baseline survey in 2014, and they were followed-up from January 2015 to December 2016. Air pollution exposure was assessed based on the daily concentrations (short-term) and annual concentrations (long-term) of the nearby air monitoring station and the survey date. A mixed-effect logistic model and Cox proportional hazards model were used to quantify the short-term and long-term associations after adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Significantly positive associations were found between both short-term and long-term exposures of PM2.5 and acute nasopharyngitis. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.23) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 at lag2 day (short-term effects), and the hazard risk was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.25) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 (long-term effects). Stronger associations between short-term PM2.5 exposure and acute nasopharyngitis were observed among men (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17) and participants aged above 65 years (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) in the stratified analyses. No significant association was found in women (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.10) or young participants ≤65 years (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.04). However, for the long-term exposure, the hazard risk was higher for participants younger than 65 years (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.32) than the older group (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.24). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that both short-term and long-term exposures to higher concentrations of PM2.5 could increase the risk of acute nasopharyngitis.