Luiz Claudio Portnoi Baran1, Marcelo Fernades da Costa2, Kallene Summer Vidal2, Francisco Max Damico3, Mirella Telles Salgueiro Barboni4, Diego da Silva Lima2, Valtenice de Cássia Rodrigues de Matos França5, Cristiane Maria Gomes Martins2, Heydi Segundo Tabares2, Sarah Leonardo Dias5, Leonardo Aparecido Silva2, Diego Decleva2, Russell David Hamer6, Mayana Zatz7, Ana Paula A P Bertozzi8, Rosa Estela Gazeta8, Saulo Duarte Passos8, Dora Fix Ventura2. 1. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo Institute of Psychology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nucleus of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: baranejbio@gmail.com. 2. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo Institute of Psychology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nucleus of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo College of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 4. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo Institute of Psychology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nucleus of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. 5. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo Institute of Psychology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 6. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo Institute of Psychology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nucleus of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida. 7. Human Genome and Stem Cells Center, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 8. University of Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate visual acuity and visual acuity development in children from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, who were exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) gestationally. METHODS: Children who had been exposed to ZIKV during gestation and age-matched control subjects received visual acuity and funduscopic examination. ZIKV exposure was confirmed by maternal quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing or serology assay. The ZIKV group was divided into two subgroups: exposed (ZE), with only the mother having confirmed ZIKV infection, and infected (ZI), with confirmed infection. Visual acuity development was compared with prior norms and quantified by measuring visual acuity correlation with age. RESULTS: A total of 110 children were included: 47 who had been exposed to ZIKV (ZE, 23; ZI, 24) and 63 controls. Abnormal visual acuity was found in 5 of 24 ZI children. Of the 4 children with microcephaly, only 2 had visual acuity loss (only 1 also had abnormal funduscopic findings). There was significant correlation between age and visual acuity in both the control group (R2 = 0.8; P < 0.0000) and the ZE subgroup (R2 = 0.6; P < 0.0000). However, visual acuity did not correlate with age in the ZI subgroup (R2 = 0.04; P = 0.38). Furthermore, the increment in octaves/month was much lower in the ZI subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that visual acuity losses only occur in infants who suffered gestational-infection, not simply exposure. Lack of correlation between age and visual acuity in the ZI subgroup suggests a slowing of visual development even in the absence of microcephaly. This result may have broad implications for the deleterious effects of ZIKV on the central nervous system.
PURPOSE: To evaluate visual acuity and visual acuity development in children from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, who were exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) gestationally. METHODS:Children who had been exposed to ZIKV during gestation and age-matched control subjects received visual acuity and funduscopic examination. ZIKV exposure was confirmed by maternal quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing or serology assay. The ZIKV group was divided into two subgroups: exposed (ZE), with only the mother having confirmed ZIKV infection, and infected (ZI), with confirmed infection. Visual acuity development was compared with prior norms and quantified by measuring visual acuity correlation with age. RESULTS: A total of 110 children were included: 47 who had been exposed to ZIKV (ZE, 23; ZI, 24) and 63 controls. Abnormal visual acuity was found in 5 of 24 ZI children. Of the 4 children with microcephaly, only 2 had visual acuity loss (only 1 also had abnormal funduscopic findings). There was significant correlation between age and visual acuity in both the control group (R2 = 0.8; P < 0.0000) and the ZE subgroup (R2 = 0.6; P < 0.0000). However, visual acuity did not correlate with age in the ZI subgroup (R2 = 0.04; P = 0.38). Furthermore, the increment in octaves/month was much lower in the ZI subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that visual acuity losses only occur in infants who suffered gestational-infection, not simply exposure. Lack of correlation between age and visual acuity in the ZI subgroup suggests a slowing of visual development even in the absence of microcephaly. This result may have broad implications for the deleterious effects of ZIKV on the central nervous system.
Authors: Elizabeth J Anderson; Kacey C Ernst; Francisco Fernando Martins; Cicera da Silva Martins; Mary P Koss Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2020-03 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Liziane Cristine Malaquias da Silva; Fernanda da Silva Platner; Lauany da Silva Fonseca; Virgílio Frota Rossato; Dian Carlos Pereira de Andrade; João de Sousa Valente; Susan Diana Brain; Elizabeth Soares Fernandes Journal: Pathogens Date: 2022-03-29
Authors: S Grace Prakalapakorn; Lucas Bonafede; Linda Lawrence; Daniel Lattin; Nicola Kim; Richard D House; Braeanna Hillman; Leah de Wilde; Cosme Harrison; Nicole Fehrenbach; Shana Godfred-Cato; Megan R Reynolds; Esther M Ellis Journal: Trop Med Infect Dis Date: 2021-04-29