Perinatal depression and infant mental health.

A mother's mental health during pregnancy and the first year postpartum is of the utmost importance to the cognitive, social, and emotional development of her child. Perinatal depression is associated with increased risk for wide-ranging adverse child development effects that can affect infant and early childhood mental health. Although effective treatments for perinatal depression exist, it is currently unclear if treatment of maternal depression alone is sufficient to ameliorate the negative effects of maternal depression on child outcomes. Interventions focused on the mother-infant relationship and dyadic interaction may be required to address the potential effect of maternal depression on the child. This paper provides an overview of maternal perinatal depression, the risk it poses for infant/early-childhood mental health, strategies for intervention that include mitigating depression and decreasing risk to the child, and implications for psychiatric nurses who work with perinatal women. Early identification and treatment of perinatal depression are critical to ensure optimal infant development and the child's future mental health.