OBJECTIVE: Resonant vibrations of implanted structures during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure pose a risk to the patient in the form of soft tissue irritation and degradation of the implant. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of implant structures in air, water, and viscoelastic materials was explored. METHODS: The static and dynamic transfer functions of various test samples in air and immersed in both water and hydrogels were analyzed. The laser-based acquisition method allowed for high-angular-resolution (10 μDeg) and high-dynamic-range (0-6 kHz) measurements. Additional MRI experiments were conducted to investigate the dependence of vibration strength on magnetic resonance (MR) sequence parameters in combination with the obtained transfer functions. RESULTS: The largest forces were found to be in the micronewton to millinewton range, which is comparable to forces applied during implantation. Of additional concern was the damping introduced by viscoelastic tissue, which was less than expected, leading to an underdamped system. In contrast to current wisdom, the imaging experiments demonstrated drastically different vibration amplitudes for identical gradient slew rates, but different timing parameters TR, mainly due to resonant amplification. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a safe force-free MR procedure depends not only on the gradient slew rate, but also and more drastically on the choice of secure timing parameters. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings delineate design improvements to achieve longevity of implants and will lead to increased patient safety during MRI. A prudent choice of mechanical characteristics of implanted structures is sufficient to avoid resonant excitation due to mismatched MR sequence parameters.
OBJECTIVE: Resonant vibrations of implanted structures during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure pose a risk to the patient in the form of soft tissue irritation and degradation of the implant. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of implant structures in air, water, and viscoelastic materials was explored. METHODS: The static and dynamic transfer functions of various test samples in air and immersed in both water and hydrogels were analyzed. The laser-based acquisition method allowed for high-angular-resolution (10 μDeg) and high-dynamic-range (0-6 kHz) measurements. Additional MRI experiments were conducted to investigate the dependence of vibration strength on magnetic resonance (MR) sequence parameters in combination with the obtained transfer functions. RESULTS: The largest forces were found to be in the micronewton to millinewton range, which is comparable to forces applied during implantation. Of additional concern was the damping introduced by viscoelastic tissue, which was less than expected, leading to an underdamped system. In contrast to current wisdom, the imaging experiments demonstrated drastically different vibration amplitudes for identical gradient slew rates, but different timing parameters TR, mainly due to resonant amplification. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a safe force-free MR procedure depends not only on the gradient slew rate, but also and more drastically on the choice of secure timing parameters. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings delineate design improvements to achieve longevity of implants and will lead to increased patient safety during MRI. A prudent choice of mechanical characteristics of implanted structures is sufficient to avoid resonant excitation due to mismatched MR sequence parameters.
Authors: Surabhi Nimbalkar; Erwin Fuhrer; Pedro Silva; Tri Nguyen; Martin Sereno; Sam Kassegne; Jan Korvink Journal: Microsyst Nanoeng Date: 2019-11-18 Impact factor: 7.127