Everolimus for the treatment of advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Introduction: PDAC is a lethal malignancy with a clear unmet need; almost all patients fail 1st, 2nd, and 3rd line multi-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been identified as a key signaling node enhancing tumor survival and drug resistance in PDAC; hence, it is considered a promising therapeutic target. Areas covered: We comprehensively reviewed the evidence from preclinical and phase I and II clinical trials, based on the authors'clinical experience and a PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and Google Scholar search everolimus + pancreatic cancer. Expert opinion: Everolimus has not demonstrated efficacy in PDAC; however, an mTOR inhibitor in combination with stroma-targeted therapies may be a promising area to explore in clinical trials.