Choon Fu Goh1, Eng Tek Ong2. 1. Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: choonfugoh@usm.my. 2. Department of Educational Studies, Sultan Idris Education University, Proton City Campus, Tanjung Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia. Electronic address: ong.engtek@fpm.upsi.edu.my.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The flipped classroom has not been fully exploited to improve tertiary education in Malaysia. A transformation in pharmacy education using flipped classrooms will be pivotal to resolve poor academic performance in certain courses. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in improving student learning and academic performance in a course with a historically low pass rate. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: A quasi-experimental pre- and posttest control group design was employed. The experimental group experienced the flipped classroom for selected topics while the control group learned in a traditional classroom. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the performance on the final exam using the grade point of a pre-requisite course as the covariate. Students' perceptions of their experience in the flipped classroom were gauged through a web-based survey. FINDINGS: Student performance on the final exam was significantly higher in the flipped classroom group. The lowest-scoring students benefitted the most in terms of academic performance. More than two-thirds of students responded positively to the use of the flipped classroom and felt more confident while participating in classes and tests. SUMMARY: The flipped classroom is academically beneficial in a challenging course with a historically low pass rate; it was also effective in stimulating learning interest. The current study identified that for the flipped classroom to be successful, the role of educators, the feasibility of the approach, and the acceptance of students were important.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The flipped classroom has not been fully exploited to improve tertiary education in Malaysia. A transformation in pharmacy education using flipped classrooms will be pivotal to resolve poor academic performance in certain courses. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in improving student learning and academic performance in a course with a historically low pass rate. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: A quasi-experimental pre- and posttest control group design was employed. The experimental group experienced the flipped classroom for selected topics while the control group learned in a traditional classroom. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the performance on the final exam using the grade point of a pre-requisite course as the covariate. Students' perceptions of their experience in the flipped classroom were gauged through a web-based survey. FINDINGS: Student performance on the final exam was significantly higher in the flipped classroom group. The lowest-scoring students benefitted the most in terms of academic performance. More than two-thirds of students responded positively to the use of the flipped classroom and felt more confident while participating in classes and tests. SUMMARY: The flipped classroom is academically beneficial in a challenging course with a historically low pass rate; it was also effective in stimulating learning interest. The current study identified that for the flipped classroom to be successful, the role of educators, the feasibility of the approach, and the acceptance of students were important.