Xiaobo Huang1, Pei Zhang, Xinrong Zou, Yi Xu, Jianfeng Zhu, Jiangnan He, Bo Zhang, Lina Lu, Haidong Zou. 1. Department of Ophthalmology (X.H., H.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology (X.H.), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Department of Ophthalmology (P.Z.), Gonghui Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology (X.Z.), Fengcheng Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Preventative Ophthalmology (Y.X., J.Z., J.H., B.Z., L.L., H.Z.), Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China; and Department of Ophthalmology (H.Z.), Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 2-year incidence and associated factors of dry eye (DE) among community residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: For confirmed type 2 DM residents in the Xinjing community of Shanghai in China, 2 surveys on DE and related factors were performed in 2016 and 2018. The survey content included general information, subjective symptom questionnaires, tear-film break-up time test, Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescence staining (FL), slit-lamp examination, and examination of blood and urine samples. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Dry eye was diagnosed based on the diagnostic standards developed by the Asia Dry Eye Society in 2016. RESULTS: The 2-year incidence of DE among 460 type 2 DM residents was 33.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]=29.6%-38.3%). The incidence of DE significantly increased with increasing age (P<0.01). The incidence among women (35.7%) was not statistically significant compared with that of men (31.0%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, age (odds ratio [OR]=1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.06, P=0.04), corneal sensitivity (OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.94-0.99, P=0.03), and depressive symptom score (OR=1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.08, P=0.04) were associated factors for the incidence of DE. In the CES-D scale, two items, "I felt that everything I did was an effort" and "I felt sad," were significantly correlated with DE onset. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DE among community residents with type 2 DM was high. Screening for DE among DM residents, especially residents with advanced age, corneal hypoesthesia, and depression, should be strengthened.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 2-year incidence and associated factors of dry eye (DE) among community residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: For confirmed type 2 DM residents in the Xinjing community of Shanghai in China, 2 surveys on DE and related factors were performed in 2016 and 2018. The survey content included general information, subjective symptom questionnaires, tear-film break-up time test, Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescence staining (FL), slit-lamp examination, and examination of blood and urine samples. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Dry eye was diagnosed based on the diagnostic standards developed by the Asia Dry Eye Society in 2016. RESULTS: The 2-year incidence of DE among 460 type 2 DM residents was 33.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]=29.6%-38.3%). The incidence of DE significantly increased with increasing age (P<0.01). The incidence among women (35.7%) was not statistically significant compared with that of men (31.0%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, age (odds ratio [OR]=1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.06, P=0.04), corneal sensitivity (OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.94-0.99, P=0.03), and depressive symptom score (OR=1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.08, P=0.04) were associated factors for the incidence of DE. In the CES-D scale, two items, "I felt that everything I did was an effort" and "I felt sad," were significantly correlated with DE onset. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DE among community residents with type 2 DM was high. Screening for DE among DM residents, especially residents with advanced age, corneal hypoesthesia, and depression, should be strengthened.
Authors: Emmanuel K Abu; Amanfo O Ofori; Samuel B Boadi-Kusi; Stephen Ocansey; Richard K Yankah; Samuel Kyei; Asante Y Awuku Journal: Afr Health Sci Date: 2022-03 Impact factor: 1.108