Alexander C Rokohl1, Werner Adler2, Konrad R Koch3, Joel M Mor3, Renbing Jia4, Marc Trester5, Nicola S Pine6, Keith R Pine7, Ludwig M Heindl3,8. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany. alexander.rokohl@uk-koeln.de. 2. Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 5. Trester-Institute for Ocular Prosthetics and Artificial Eyes, Cologne, Germany. 6. Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand. 7. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 8. Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate mucoid discharge and the inflammatory response of anophthalmic sockets to cryolite glass prosthetic eye wear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 101 cryolite glass prosthetic eye wearers used visual analog scales (0-10) to measure frequency, color, volume, and viscosity of mucoid discharge associated with their prosthesis. Standardized photographs of the conjunctiva of their anophthalmic sockets were taken and conjunctival inflammation was semi-quantitatively graded (0-4). All characteristics of discharge and conjunctival inflammation were correlated to eye loss cause, hand washing behavior, and cleaning regimes as explanatory variables. RESULTS: Mean mucoid discharge characteristics (0-10 scale) were frequency 5.3 ± 2.8, color 4.8 ± 3.2, volume 4.9 ± 3.0, and viscosity 5.1 ± 3.2. The mean conjunctival inflammation score (0-4 scale) was 2.1 ± 1.0. There was a positive correlation between the grade of conjunctival inflammation and the frequency (p = 0.018), color (p = 0.001), volume (p = 0.003), and the viscosity of mucoid discharge (p = 0.005). More conjunctival inflammation was associated with higher frequency of cleaning (p < 0.001) and lower frequency of hand washing before removal (p = 0.001). Higher frequency, color, volume, and viscosity of discharge were associated with higher frequency of cleaning (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Discharge severity associated with prosthetic eye wear was positively correlated with more conjunctival inflammation, higher cleaning frequency, and less hand washing before handling. The results suggest that cryolite glass eyes should not be removed daily for cleaning and that further research should be undertaken to develop a standardized treatment protocol for managing inflammation and mucoid discharge. This protocol would advise hand washing before handling cryolite glass eyes and recommend a minimum period of wear between cleaning sessions.
PURPOSE: To investigate mucoid discharge and the inflammatory response of anophthalmic sockets to cryolite glass prosthetic eye wear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 101 cryolite glass prosthetic eye wearers used visual analog scales (0-10) to measure frequency, color, volume, and viscosity of mucoid discharge associated with their prosthesis. Standardized photographs of the conjunctiva of their anophthalmic sockets were taken and conjunctival inflammation was semi-quantitatively graded (0-4). All characteristics of discharge and conjunctival inflammation were correlated to eye loss cause, hand washing behavior, and cleaning regimes as explanatory variables. RESULTS: Mean mucoid discharge characteristics (0-10 scale) were frequency 5.3 ± 2.8, color 4.8 ± 3.2, volume 4.9 ± 3.0, and viscosity 5.1 ± 3.2. The mean conjunctival inflammation score (0-4 scale) was 2.1 ± 1.0. There was a positive correlation between the grade of conjunctival inflammation and the frequency (p = 0.018), color (p = 0.001), volume (p = 0.003), and the viscosity of mucoid discharge (p = 0.005). More conjunctival inflammation was associated with higher frequency of cleaning (p < 0.001) and lower frequency of hand washing before removal (p = 0.001). Higher frequency, color, volume, and viscosity of discharge were associated with higher frequency of cleaning (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Discharge severity associated with prosthetic eye wear was positively correlated with more conjunctival inflammation, higher cleaning frequency, and less hand washing before handling. The results suggest that cryolite glass eyes should not be removed daily for cleaning and that further research should be undertaken to develop a standardized treatment protocol for managing inflammation and mucoid discharge. This protocol would advise hand washing before handling cryolite glass eyes and recommend a minimum period of wear between cleaning sessions.
Authors: Ludwig M Heindl; Marc Trester; Yongwei Guo; Florian Zwiener; Narges Sadat; Nicola S Pine; Keith R Pine; Andreas Traweger; Alexander C Rokohl Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2020-09-01 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Alexander C Rokohl; Marc Trester; Parsa Naderi; Niklas Loreck; Sarah Zwingelberg; Franziska Bucher; Keith R Pine; Ludwig M Heindl Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2021-02-09 Impact factor: 3.775