Vojko Kanic1, David Suran2, Igor Krajnc3, Gregor Kompara4. 1. University Medical Center Maribor, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: vojko.kanic@guest.arnes.si. 2. University Medical Center Maribor, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: david.suran@hotmail.com. 3. University Medical Center Maribor, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: hisa.krajnc@amis.net. 4. University Medical Center Maribor, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: gregor.kompara@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mortality after myocardial infarction is higher in women than in men. Data on the association between sex and mortality are conflicting and inconclusive. We evaluated whether there is a sex difference in survival and if sex is associated with the outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: We analyzed 3671 STEMI patients. Long-term and 30-day mortality in men and women were compared. RESULTS: Unadjusted mortality at day 30 was higher in women [221 (8.7%) men died compared to 147 (13.1%) women; p < 0.0001]. After multivariate adjustments, this became insignificant (OR 1.65; 95% CI; 0.81 to 1.40). The long-term, unadjusted mortality was also higher in women [674 (26.3%) men died compared to 382 (34%) women; p < 0.0001]. After multivariable adjustments, female sex (adjusted HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93; p = 0.002), bleeding (adjusted HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.10; p < 0.0001), renal dysfunction adjusted HR (1.60; 95% CI 1.40 to 1.84; p < 0.0001), hyperlipidemia (adjusted HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.40 to 1.85; p < 0.0001), arterial hypertension (adjusted HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33; p = 0.015), diabetes (adjusted HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.35 to 1.78; p < 0.0001), age (adjusted HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.06; p < 0.0001), anemia on admission (adjusted HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.58; p < 0.0001), and heart failure (adjusted HR 2.40; 95% CI 2.09 to 2.75; p < 0.0001) predicted long-term mortality. CONCLUSION: Female sex was associated with a lower risk of dying in the long term. However, risk factors, age, and comorbidities associated with female patients affected the worse outcome.
BACKGROUND:Mortality after myocardial infarction is higher in women than in men. Data on the association between sex and mortality are conflicting and inconclusive. We evaluated whether there is a sex difference in survival and if sex is associated with the outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: We analyzed 3671 STEMI patients. Long-term and 30-day mortality in men and women were compared. RESULTS: Unadjusted mortality at day 30 was higher in women [221 (8.7%) mendied compared to 147 (13.1%) women; p < 0.0001]. After multivariate adjustments, this became insignificant (OR 1.65; 95% CI; 0.81 to 1.40). The long-term, unadjusted mortality was also higher in women [674 (26.3%) mendied compared to 382 (34%) women; p < 0.0001]. After multivariable adjustments, female sex (adjusted HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93; p = 0.002), bleeding (adjusted HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.10; p < 0.0001), renal dysfunction adjusted HR (1.60; 95% CI 1.40 to 1.84; p < 0.0001), hyperlipidemia (adjusted HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.40 to 1.85; p < 0.0001), arterial hypertension (adjusted HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33; p = 0.015), diabetes (adjusted HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.35 to 1.78; p < 0.0001), age (adjusted HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.06; p < 0.0001), anemia on admission (adjusted HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.58; p < 0.0001), and heart failure (adjusted HR 2.40; 95% CI 2.09 to 2.75; p < 0.0001) predicted long-term mortality. CONCLUSION: Female sex was associated with a lower risk of dying in the long term. However, risk factors, age, and comorbidities associated with female patients affected the worse outcome.