The effect of age on N2 and P3 components: A meta-analysis of Go/Nogo tasks.

Suppressing the neural activities to non-target stimuli becomes problematic with advancing age. Go/Nogo tasks, in which subjects are instructed to respond to a certain type of stimuli (Go) and withhold responses to other types of predefined stimuli (Nogo), have been extensively employed to study the age-related alterations of cognitive inhibition. However, it remains inconclusive whether the N2 and P3 electrophysiological responses to successful inhibition to Nogo stimuli are affected by aging processes. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of Go/Nogo studies to investigate the age effect on Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 activities as well as behavioral performance of commission errors. The potential moderators regarding different probabilities of Nogo trials and levels of task difficulty on the effect sizes were also assessed. There were no significant age-related differences in commission errors. However, compared to the younger group, the elderly demonstrated reduced Nogo-N2 amplitudes, particularly in the condition where Nogo probability was less than 50%. Furthermore, age-related reduction of Nogo-P3 amplitudes and prolongation of Nogo-P3 latencies were observed in the condition where Nogo probability was less than 50%. In conclusion, our data suggest that despite similar behavioral performance in the younger and older adults, neural processing of response inhibition becomes inefficient with advancing age.