Guohui Wang1, Xiongtao Yang1, Guangying Zhu1. 1. Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology, Center of Respiratory Medicine,China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100000, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It was believed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) was synthesized only by B cells. However, in recent years, researchers have found that a variety of cancer cells can also synthesize IgG (cancer-IgG) which promote the development of tumors. This study analyzed the expression and clinical significance of cancer-IgG in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and initially explored its mechanism. METHODS: The expression of IgG1 heavy chain gamma 1 (IGHG1) and cancer-IgG were detected by bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry in NSCLC; The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method was used to explore the signaling pathways involved in IGHG1 regulation. RESULTS: The expression level of cancer-IgG in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The high expression group had a poor prognosis and was associated with clinical stage (P=0.042), T stage (P=0.044) and metastasis (P=0.007). GSEA analysis showed that IGHG1 was associated with cell adhesion, cytokine interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: High expression of cancer-IgG in NSCLC is a poor prognosis factor, which may be related to the promotion of tumor invasion and metastasis.
BACKGROUND: It was believed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) was synthesized only by B cells. However, in recent years, researchers have found that a variety of cancer cells can also synthesize IgG (cancer-IgG) which promote the development of tumors. This study analyzed the expression and clinical significance of cancer-IgG in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and initially explored its mechanism. METHODS: The expression of IgG1 heavy chain gamma 1 (IGHG1) and cancer-IgG were detected by bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry in NSCLC; The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method was used to explore the signaling pathways involved in IGHG1 regulation. RESULTS: The expression level of cancer-IgG in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The high expression group had a poor prognosis and was associated with clinical stage (P=0.042), T stage (P=0.044) and metastasis (P=0.007). GSEA analysis showed that IGHG1 was associated with cell adhesion, cytokine interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: High expression of cancer-IgG in NSCLC is a poor prognosis factor, which may be related to the promotion of tumor invasion and metastasis.
Standardization of gene expression. A:The standardization of GSE30219; B: The standardization of GSE33532; C: The standardization of GSE37745.
对GEO数据进行RAM标准化。A:GSE30219标准化前后对比图;B:GSE33532标准化前后对比图;C:GSE37745标准化前后对比图。Standardization of gene expression. A:The standardization of GSE30219; B: The standardization of GSE33532; C: The standardization of GSE37745.
肺癌组织芯片及免疫组织化学染色肺癌组织芯片
购自上海芯超生物科技有限公司,所有患者经病理确诊为肺癌,收集性别、年龄、病理分级、T分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移和美国癌症联合会(American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC)第7版TNM分期等临床病理资料(表 1)。
1
RP215在NSCLC中的表达及临床特征分析
Association between RP215 expression and clinicopathological features of lung cancer patients
Characteristics
Number of cases (%)
RP215
P
Low
High
NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer.
Age (yr)
0.729
≥60
26 (36.1)
8
18
< 60
46 (63.9)
16
30
Gender
1.000
Male
54 (75.0)
20
34
Female
18 (25.0)
6
12
Pathological type
0.632
Squamous
44 (61.1)
17
27
Adenocarcinoma
28 (38.9)
9
19
Clinical stage
0.042
Ⅰ
20 (27.8)
9
11
Ⅱ
12 (16.7)
6
6
Ⅲ
24 (33.3)
10
14
Ⅳ
16 (22.2)
1
15
T classification
0.044
T1
12 (16.7)
8
4
T2
34 (47.2)
9
25
T3
26 (36.1)
9
17
N classification
0.594
N0
36 (50.0)
15
21
N1
10 (13.9)
4
6
N2
14 (19.4)
3
11
N3
12 (16.7)
4
8
Metastasis
0.007
No
56 (77.8)
24
32
Yes
16 (22.2)
1
15
RP215在NSCLC中的表达及临床特征分析Association between RP215 expression and clinicopathological features of lung cancerpatients组织芯片置于二甲苯脱蜡20 min,更换新鲜二甲苯重复1次。将脱蜡后的芯片于100%乙醇中浸泡5 min 2次,95%乙醇、80%乙醇、蒸馏水各浸泡5 min。碱性抗原修复液(Tris-EDTA, pH=9)用高压锅加热至沸腾,将芯片放入,计时2 min,自然冷却至室温。3%H2O2室温下避光孵育10 min,用正常羊血清工作液室温封闭30 min。随后加入一抗RP215,4 ℃过夜,HRP标记的二抗室温30 min。DAB显色,苏木素复染。RP215单克隆抗体由北京大学医学部邱晓彦课题组馈赠,HRP标记的二抗购自于Cell Signaling Technology。
IGHG1 expression in NSCLC and its correlation with prognosis. The expression of IGHG1 in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P < 0.01) in GSE33532 (A) and TCGA+GTEx datasets (B); In the GSE30219 (C) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter (D) NSCLC with high expression of IGHG1 had significantly worse prognosis than with low expression.
IGHG1在NSCLC中的表达情况及其与预后的关系。在GEO数据集GSE33532(A)和TCGA+GTEx数据库(B)中IGHG1在NSCLC中的表达显著高于正常肺组织(P < 0.01)。在GSE30219数据集(C)和Kaplan-Meier Plotter(D)中的NSCLC数据进行生存曲线分析,IGHG1高表达的患者预后显著差于低表达的患者。IGHG1 expression in NSCLC and its correlation with prognosis. The expression of IGHG1 in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P < 0.01) in GSE33532 (A) and TCGA+GTEx datasets (B); In the GSE30219 (C) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter (D) NSCLC with high expression of IGHG1 had significantly worse prognosis than with low expression.
The immunohistochemistry staining results of cancer-IgG in NSCLC and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The expression of cancer-IgG in NSCLC with negative (A)、weak positive (B), moderate positive (C) and strong positive (D); E: The survival of patients with high expression of cancer-IgG in NSCLC was significantly lower than patients with low expression.
Cancer-IgG免疫组化示意图及与预后的相关性(×100)。Cancer-IgG在NSCLC中阴性表达(A)、弱阳性(B)、中度阳性(C)和强阳性(D)表达情况;E:高表达cancer-IgG的NSCLC患者生存期显著低于低表达的患者。The immunohistochemistry staining results of cancer-IgG in NSCLC and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The expression of cancer-IgG in NSCLC with negative (A)、weak positive (B), moderate positive (C) and strong positive (D); E: The survival of patients with high expression of cancer-IgG in NSCLC was significantly lower than patients with low expression.
Enrichment plots from gene set enrichment analysis. GSEA results showed that high expression of IGHG1 was associated with cell adhesion molecule (A), cytokine-cytokine interaction (B) and chemokine pathway (C).
基于GSE37745样本的基因富集分析。GSEA结果显示IGHG1的高表达与细胞黏附分子(A)、细胞因子-细胞因子相互作用(B)和趋化因子通路(C)有关。Enrichment plots from gene set enrichment analysis. GSEA results showed that high expression of IGHG1 was associated with cell adhesion molecule (A), cytokine-cytokine interaction (B) and chemokine pathway (C).
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