Catherine M McHugh1, Rico Sze Chun Lee2, Daniel F Hermens3, Amy Corderoy4, Matthew Large5, Ian B Hickie2. 1. CRE Optymise, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Suicide Prevention, University of Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: catherine.mchugh@sydney.edu.au. 2. CRE Optymise, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 3. CRE Optymise, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia. 4. University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia. 5. University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is considered a possible phenotype underlying the expression of self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Yet impulsivity is a not a unitary construct and there is evidence that different facets of impulsivity follow different neurodevelopmental trajectories and that some facets may be more strongly associated with such behaviors than others. Moreover, it is unclear whether impulsivity is a useful predictor of self-harm or suicidal behavior in young people, a population already considered to display heightened impulsive behavior. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in Medline, PubMed, PsychInfo or Embase between 1970 and 2017 that used a neurocognitive measure to assess the independent variable of impulsivity and the dependent variable of self-harm and/or suicidal behavior among young people (mean age < 30 years old). RESULTS: 6183 titles were identified, 141 full texts were reviewed, and 18 studies were included, with 902 young people with a self-harm or suicidal behavior and 1591 controls without a history of these behaviors. Deficits in inhibitory control (13 studies, SMD 0.21, p-value = 0.002, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.08-0.34), prediction interval (PI) = 0.06-0.35) and impulsive decision-making (14 studies, SMD 0.17, p-value = 0.008, 95% CI (0.045-0.3), PI = 0.03-0.31) were associated with self-harm or suicidal behavior. There were no significant differences between measures of different facets of impulsivity (ie. delay discounting, risky decision-making, cognitive or response inhibition) and self-harm or suicidal behavior. CONCLUSION: Multiple facets of impulsivity are associated with suicidal behavior in young people. Future suicide research should be designed to capture impulsive states and investigate the impact on different subtypes of impulsivity.
BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is considered a possible phenotype underlying the expression of self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Yet impulsivity is a not a unitary construct and there is evidence that different facets of impulsivity follow different neurodevelopmental trajectories and that some facets may be more strongly associated with such behaviors than others. Moreover, it is unclear whether impulsivity is a useful predictor of self-harm or suicidal behavior in young people, a population already considered to display heightened impulsive behavior. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in Medline, PubMed, PsychInfo or Embase between 1970 and 2017 that used a neurocognitive measure to assess the independent variable of impulsivity and the dependent variable of self-harm and/or suicidal behavior among young people (mean age < 30 years old). RESULTS: 6183 titles were identified, 141 full texts were reviewed, and 18 studies were included, with 902 young people with a self-harm or suicidal behavior and 1591 controls without a history of these behaviors. Deficits in inhibitory control (13 studies, SMD 0.21, p-value = 0.002, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.08-0.34), prediction interval (PI) = 0.06-0.35) and impulsive decision-making (14 studies, SMD 0.17, p-value = 0.008, 95% CI (0.045-0.3), PI = 0.03-0.31) were associated with self-harm or suicidal behavior. There were no significant differences between measures of different facets of impulsivity (ie. delay discounting, risky decision-making, cognitive or response inhibition) and self-harm or suicidal behavior. CONCLUSION: Multiple facets of impulsivity are associated with suicidal behavior in young people. Future suicide research should be designed to capture impulsive states and investigate the impact on different subtypes of impulsivity.
Authors: Elizabeth K Wood; Ryno Kruger; Jaclyn P Day; Stephen M Day; Jacob N Hunter; Leslie Neville; Stephen G Lindell; Christina S Barr; Melanie L Schwandt; David Goldman; Stephen J Suomi; James C Harris; J Dee Higley Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2021-04-14 Impact factor: 8.294
Authors: Taylor A Burke; Kenneth J D Allen; Ryan W Carpenter; David M Siegel; Marin M Kautz; Richard T Liu; Lauren B Alloy Journal: Behav Res Ther Date: 2021-04-18