Edward A Dickson1, Marta Penna1,2, Chris Cunningham1, Fiona M Ratcliffe3, Jonathan Chantler3, Nicholas A Crabtree3, Jurriaan B Tuynman4, Matthew R Albert5, John R T Monson5, Roel Hompes6. 1. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2. Department of Academic Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. 3. Department of Anesthesia, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom. 4. Department of Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Center for Colon and Rectal Surgery, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida. 6. Department of Surgery, Oncologic and Lower GI Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide embolus has been reported as a rare but clinically important risk associated with transanal total mesorectal excision surgery. To date, there exists limited data describing the incidence, risk factors, and management of carbon dioxide embolus in transanal total mesorectal excision. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to obtain data from the transanal total mesorectal excision registries to identify trends and potential risk factors for carbon dioxide embolus specific to this surgical technique. DESIGN: Contributors to both the LOREC and OSTRiCh transanal total mesorectal excision registries were invited to report their incidence of carbon dioxide embolus. Case report forms were collected detailing the patient-specific and technical factors of each event. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at the collaborating centers from the international transanal total mesorectal excision registries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics and outcomes of patients with carbon dioxide embolus associated with transanal mesorectal excision were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were reported. The incidence of carbon dioxide embolus during transanal total mesorectal excision is estimated to be ≈0.4% (25/6375 cases). A fall in end tidal carbon dioxide was noted as the initial feature in 22 cases, with 13 (52%) developing signs of hemodynamic compromise. All of the events occurred in the transanal component of dissection, with mean (range) insufflation pressures of 15 mm Hg (12-20 mm Hg). Patients were predominantly (68%) in a Trendelenburg position, between 30° and 45°. Venous bleeding was reported in 20 cases at the time of carbon dioxide embolus, with periprostatic veins documented as the most common site (40%). After carbon dioxide embolus, 84% of cases were completed after hemodynamic stabilization. Two patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of cardiovascular collapse. There were no deaths. LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective study surveying reported outcomes by surgeons and anesthetists. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons undertaking transanal total mesorectal excision must be aware of the possibility of carbon dioxide embolus and its potential risk factors, including venous bleeding (wrong plane surgery), high insufflation pressures, and patient positioning. Prompt recognition and management can limit the clinical impact of such events. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A961.
BACKGROUND:Carbon dioxideembolus has been reported as a rare but clinically important risk associated with transanal total mesorectal excision surgery. To date, there exists limited data describing the incidence, risk factors, and management of carbon dioxideembolus in transanal total mesorectal excision. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to obtain data from the transanal total mesorectal excision registries to identify trends and potential risk factors for carbon dioxideembolus specific to this surgical technique. DESIGN: Contributors to both the LOREC and OSTRiCh transanal total mesorectal excision registries were invited to report their incidence of carbon dioxideembolus. Case report forms were collected detailing the patient-specific and technical factors of each event. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at the collaborating centers from the international transanal total mesorectal excision registries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics and outcomes of patients with carbon dioxideembolus associated with transanal mesorectal excision were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were reported. The incidence of carbon dioxideembolus during transanal total mesorectal excision is estimated to be ≈0.4% (25/6375 cases). A fall in end tidal carbon dioxide was noted as the initial feature in 22 cases, with 13 (52%) developing signs of hemodynamic compromise. All of the events occurred in the transanal component of dissection, with mean (range) insufflation pressures of 15 mm Hg (12-20 mm Hg). Patients were predominantly (68%) in a Trendelenburg position, between 30° and 45°. Venous bleeding was reported in 20 cases at the time of carbon dioxideembolus, with periprostatic veins documented as the most common site (40%). After carbon dioxideembolus, 84% of cases were completed after hemodynamic stabilization. Two patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of cardiovascular collapse. There were no deaths. LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective study surveying reported outcomes by surgeons and anesthetists. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons undertaking transanal total mesorectal excision must be aware of the possibility of carbon dioxideembolus and its potential risk factors, including venous bleeding (wrong plane surgery), high insufflation pressures, and patient positioning. Prompt recognition and management can limit the clinical impact of such events. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A961.
Authors: N S Fearnhead; A G Acheson; S R Brown; L Hancock; A Harikrishnan; S B Kelly; C A Maxwell-Armstrong; P M Sagar; S Siddiqi; C J Walsh; J M D Wheeler; J F Abercrombie Journal: Colorectal Dis Date: 2020-07 Impact factor: 3.788
Authors: R P Weenink; M Kloosterman; R Hompes; P J Zondervan; H P Beerlage; P J Tanis; R A van Hulst Journal: Tech Coloproctol Date: 2020-07-30 Impact factor: 3.781