Acquired intercostal lung herniation: conservative management may lead to continuation of symptoms and other adverse consequence.

BACKGROUND: It is quite rare for lung to herniate between a patient's ribs, most often seen after surgery; it is, however, also rarely seen in other situations, notably during coughing fits situations such as coughing spells. There is minor controversy in the literature regarding management, namely, a question of whether to manage conservatively or with surgical correction, since this is such a rare entity physicians, may face difficulty in knowing how to proceed. Here, we provide evidence supporting acquired lung herniation management to be repaired surgically, and early, while at the same time medically optimizing the patient's risk factors for further herniation events or intercostal muscle tears.
PRESENTATION: We report a 79-year-old man who suffered a right-sided lung herniation as a result of vigorous coughing, he initially was managed conservatively, and symptoms worsened but then underwent surgical repair which was associated with a suitable outcome.
CONCLUSION: Lung herniation will may resolve on its own and prompt correction should be considered instead of conservative management. We recommend early surgical repair for all intercostal lung herniations, even if they are asymptomatic, to prevent complications or extension of the defect into the abdominal wall. Surgery may offer the best results, with low morbidity and no mortality reported to date.