Zheyu Xu1, Che-Kang Lim2,3, Louis C S Tan1,4, Eng-King Tan5,6. 1. Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. 2. Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Bukit Merah, Singapore, Singapore. 3. Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden. 4. Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. 5. Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. tan.eng.king@sgh.com.sg. 6. Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. tan.eng.king@sgh.com.sg.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled techniques such as whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to be used to study paroxysmal movement disorders (PMDs). This review summarizes how the recent genetic advances have altered our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of the PMDs. Recently described disease entities are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: With the recognition of the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity that occurs amongst the PMDs, an increasing number of gene mutations are now implicated to cause the disorders. PMDs can also occur as part of a complex phenotype. The increasing complexity of PMDs challenges the way we view and classify them. The identification of new causative genes and their genotype-phenotype correlation will shed more light on the underlying pathophysiology and will facilitate development of genetic testing guidelines and identification of novel drug targets for PMDs.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled techniques such as whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to be used to study paroxysmal movement disorders (PMDs). This review summarizes how the recent genetic advances have altered our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of the PMDs. Recently described disease entities are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: With the recognition of the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity that occurs amongst the PMDs, an increasing number of gene mutations are now implicated to cause the disorders. PMDs can also occur as part of a complex phenotype. The increasing complexity of PMDs challenges the way we view and classify them. The identification of new causative genes and their genotype-phenotype correlation will shed more light on the underlying pathophysiology and will facilitate development of genetic testing guidelines and identification of novel drug targets for PMDs.
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