Heejung Park1, Jessica J Chiang2, Michael R Irwin3, Julienne E Bower4, Heather McCreath5, Andrew J Fuligni6. 1. Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA. Electronic address: hpark2@brynmawr.edu. 2. Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. 4. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. 5. Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Poor sleep poses negative health consequences for youth, yet few longitudinal actigraphy studies have examined basic developmental trends in sleep across adolescents' transition to young adulthood. In this longitudinal actigraphy study, stability of individual differences and trajectories of sleep during and after high school were examined. The degree to which sleep trajectories differed by college attendance status was also studied. METHODS: A total of 343 youth with Asian, Latino, and European American backgrounds completed eight days of wrist actigraphy at two-year intervals in Wave 1 (n = 295, Mage = 16.39), Wave 2 (n = 211 including 34 new participants to refresh the sample, Mage = 18.31), and Wave 3 (n = 144, Mage = 20.29). Sleep duration, efficiency, and latency were estimated for weekdays and weekends. Intra-individual variability in duration across nights was also obtained. RESULTS: Sleep parameters were correlated modestly between Wave 1 and Wave 2, but not correlated between Wave 1 and Wave 3, indicating modest shorter-term and little longer-term stability of individual differences. Multilevel growth models demonstrated declines in weekday sleep duration and efficiency across high school and post-high school years. Intra-individual variability in duration increased over the years. Latency trajectories changed more for non-college attendees compared with college attendees. CONCLUSIONS: Overall the findings suggest developmental trends of worsening sleep during adolescents' transition to young adulthood. Interventions to improve sleep may need to target specific issues faced by youth at that particular period in their lives.
OBJECTIVE: Poor sleep poses negative health consequences for youth, yet few longitudinal actigraphy studies have examined basic developmental trends in sleep across adolescents' transition to young adulthood. In this longitudinal actigraphy study, stability of individual differences and trajectories of sleep during and after high school were examined. The degree to which sleep trajectories differed by college attendance status was also studied. METHODS: A total of 343 youth with Asian, Latino, and European American backgrounds completed eight days of wrist actigraphy at two-year intervals in Wave 1 (n = 295, Mage = 16.39), Wave 2 (n = 211 including 34 new participants to refresh the sample, Mage = 18.31), and Wave 3 (n = 144, Mage = 20.29). Sleep duration, efficiency, and latency were estimated for weekdays and weekends. Intra-individual variability in duration across nights was also obtained. RESULTS: Sleep parameters were correlated modestly between Wave 1 and Wave 2, but not correlated between Wave 1 and Wave 3, indicating modest shorter-term and little longer-term stability of individual differences. Multilevel growth models demonstrated declines in weekday sleep duration and efficiency across high school and post-high school years. Intra-individual variability in duration increased over the years. Latency trajectories changed more for non-college attendees compared with college attendees. CONCLUSIONS: Overall the findings suggest developmental trends of worsening sleep during adolescents' transition to young adulthood. Interventions to improve sleep may need to target specific issues faced by youth at that particular period in their lives.
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