Wink Phyo Thu1, Nuananong Sinwat2, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus3, Sunpetch Angkittitrakul4, Rangsiya Prathan1, Rungtip Chuanchuen5. 1. Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 2. Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsean campus, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. 3. Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, PMB 2084 Jos Pateau, Nigeria. 4. Research Group for the Prevention Technology in Livestock, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 5. Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: Chuanchuen.R@gmail.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and Class 1 integrons of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) from pigs, pork and humans in Thailand-Laos border provinces. METHODS: Six hundred and forty-eight rectal and carcass swab samples from border provinces of Thailand (n=359) and Lao PDR (n=289) were collected and examined from September 2013 to October 2014. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Enterococcus species was 483 of 648 (75%), comprising E. faecium (359 of 483, 74.3%) and E. faecalis (124 of 483, 25.7%). The occurrence of E. faecium in pigs, pig carcasses, retail pork, and humans in Thailand was 80.6%, 73.8%, 77.6%, and 67%, respectively. The prevalence of E. faecium was higher in Laos (65.7%) than Thailand (47.1%) (P<0.001). Conversely, E. faecalis was more common in Thailand (24.2%) than Laos (12.8%) (P<0.001). The E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials except vancomycin. High resistance was first observed to tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin, followed by gentamicin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Both E. faecium (7%) and E. faecalis (0.8%) carried empty Class 1 integrons: E. faecium carried gel (6.4%) and esp (0.8%), while E. faecalis carried agg (41.9%), cylA (36.3%), gel (60.5%), and esp (42.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a variable distribution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes among E. faecium and E. faecalis from pigs, pig products and humans in Thai-Laos border provinces. These pathogens may serve as potential reservoirs for the maintenance and widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants from animals to humans via the food chain.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and Class 1 integrons of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) from pigs, pork and humans in Thailand-Laos border provinces. METHODS: Six hundred and forty-eight rectal and carcass swab samples from border provinces of Thailand (n=359) and Lao PDR (n=289) were collected and examined from September 2013 to October 2014. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Enterococcus species was 483 of 648 (75%), comprising E. faecium (359 of 483, 74.3%) and E. faecalis (124 of 483, 25.7%). The occurrence of E. faecium in pigs, pig carcasses, retail pork, and humans in Thailand was 80.6%, 73.8%, 77.6%, and 67%, respectively. The prevalence of E. faecium was higher in Laos (65.7%) than Thailand (47.1%) (P<0.001). Conversely, E. faecalis was more common in Thailand (24.2%) than Laos (12.8%) (P<0.001). The E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials except vancomycin. High resistance was first observed to tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin, followed by gentamicin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Both E. faecium (7%) and E. faecalis (0.8%) carried empty Class 1 integrons: E. faecium carried gel (6.4%) and esp (0.8%), while E. faecalis carried agg (41.9%), cylA (36.3%), gel (60.5%), and esp (42.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a variable distribution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes among E. faecium and E. faecalis from pigs, pig products and humans in Thai-Laos border provinces. These pathogens may serve as potential reservoirs for the maintenance and widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants from animals to humans via the food chain.
Authors: Vilada Chansamouth; Mayfong Mayxay; David Ab Dance; Tamalee Roberts; Rattanaxay Phetsouvanh; Bouakham Vannachone; Manivanh Vongsouvath; Viengmon Davong; Phout Inthavong; Syseng Khounsy; Bounxou Keohavong; Valy Keoluangkhot; Khamla Choumlivong; Nicholas Pj Day; Paul Turner; Elizabeth A Ashley; H Rogier van Doorn; Paul N Newton Journal: BMJ Glob Health Date: 2021-11
Authors: Álvaro Romo-Ibáñez; Elisabeth Calatrava-Hernández; Blanca Gutiérrez-Soto; Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz; José María Navarro-Marí; José Gutiérrez-Fernández Journal: Ann Transl Med Date: 2020-05