A M H Ho1, G B Mizubuti1, A K Ho2, S Wan3, D Sydor1, D C Chung4. 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Canada. 2. Department of Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom. 3. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. 4. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.