Victoria D Ojeda1, K Rivet Amico2, James P Hughes3, Ethan Wilson4, Maoji Li4, Timothy H Holtz5,6, Anupong Chitwarakorn7, Robert M Grant8, Bonnie J Dye9, Linda-Gail Bekker10, Sharon Mannheimer11,12,13, Mark Marzinke14, Craig W Hendrix14. 1. Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA. 2. Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 4. Statistical Center for AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. 5. Thailand Ministry of Public Health-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand. 6. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. 7. Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. 8. Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, CA. 9. HIV Prevention Trials Network, FHI 360, Durham, NC. 10. The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 11. Department of Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY. 12. Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. 13. ICAP, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. 14. Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the relationship between 2 types of social relationships, ie, (1) external support for use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and related study supplies and (2) participants' disclosure of PrEP use and condom use and HIV PrEP adherence among daily-dosing regimen participants in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 067, an open-label trial of oral tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg/emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg. METHODS: Using HPTN 067 survey data, we developed scales examining (1) Low Perceived External Support for PrEP: low perceived support by others for PrEP use or perceived negative reactions to the pill case (scoring ranges from 0 to 2) and (2) Participant-Staff Disclosure Challenges Scale, which identifies challenges to sharing nonuse of PrEP or condoms to study staff (scoring ranges from 0 to 4); these scales are the primary independent variables. Adherence, the dependent variable, was determined using log-transformed plasma TFV concentrations. generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression was used to assess the association between both scales and adherence. RESULTS: Participants (n = 161) included HIV-uninfected women in South Africa, and men who have sex with men and transgender women, in Thailand and the United States. In multivariable analyses, higher scores in the Participant-Staff Disclosure Challenges Scale were significantly associated with lower PrEP adherence [exp(β) = 0.62, 95% CI: (0.46 to 0.84); P = 0.002] as were increased days since the last PrEP dose [exp(β) = 0.73, 95% CI: (0.65 to 0.83); P ≤ 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Given the association with adherence, study staff-participant interactions and participants' disclosure of PrEP challenges may be worthwhile intervention targets for improving PrEP adherence in confirmatory studies.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the relationship between 2 types of social relationships, ie, (1) external support for use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and related study supplies and (2) participants' disclosure of PrEP use and condom use and HIV PrEP adherence among daily-dosing regimen participants in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 067, an open-label trial of oral tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg/emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg. METHODS: Using HPTN 067 survey data, we developed scales examining (1) Low Perceived External Support for PrEP: low perceived support by others for PrEP use or perceived negative reactions to the pill case (scoring ranges from 0 to 2) and (2) Participant-Staff Disclosure Challenges Scale, which identifies challenges to sharing nonuse of PrEP or condoms to study staff (scoring ranges from 0 to 4); these scales are the primary independent variables. Adherence, the dependent variable, was determined using log-transformed plasma TFV concentrations. generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression was used to assess the association between both scales and adherence. RESULTS: Participants (n = 161) included HIV-uninfected women in South Africa, and men who have sex with men and transgender women, in Thailand and the United States. In multivariable analyses, higher scores in the Participant-Staff Disclosure Challenges Scale were significantly associated with lower PrEP adherence [exp(β) = 0.62, 95% CI: (0.46 to 0.84); P = 0.002] as were increased days since the last PrEP dose [exp(β) = 0.73, 95% CI: (0.65 to 0.83); P ≤ 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Given the association with adherence, study staff-participant interactions and participants' disclosure of PrEP challenges may be worthwhile intervention targets for improving PrEP adherence in confirmatory studies.
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