Jingjie Hu1, Hassan Albadawi1, Brian W Chong2, Amy R Deipolyi3, Rahul A Sheth4, Ali Khademhosseini5, Rahmi Oklu1. 1. Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA. 2. Departments of Radiology and Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA. 3. Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. 4. Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA. 5. Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Abstract
Minimally invasive transcatheter embolization is a common nonsurgical procedure in interventional radiology used for the deliberate occlusion of blood vessels for the treatment of diseased or injured vasculature. A wide variety of embolic agents including metallic coils, calibrated microspheres, and liquids are available for clinical practice. Additionally, advances in biomaterials, such as shape-memory foams, biodegradable polymers, and in situ gelling solutions have led to the development of novel preclinical embolic agents. The aim here is to provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging technologies in endovascular embolization with respect to devices, materials, mechanisms, and design guidelines. Limitations and challenges in embolic materials are also discussed to promote advancement in the field.
Minimally invasive transcatheter embolization is a common nonsurgical procedure in interventional radiology used for the delibean class="Species">rate occlusion of blood vessels for the treatment of diseased or injured vasculature. A wide variety of an class="Disease">embolic agents including metallic coils, calibrated microspheres, and liquids are available for clinical practice. Additionally, advances in biomaterials, such as shape-memory foams, biodegradable polymers, and in situ gelling solutions have led to the development of novel preclinical embolic agents. The aim here is to provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging technologies in endovascular embolization with respect to devices, materials, mechanisms, and design guidelines. Limitations and challenges in embolic materials are also discussed to promote advancement in the field.
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