J Louise Jones1, Andrew M Hanby2, Clive Wells3, Marie Calaminici1, Laura Johnson4, Philip Turton5, Rahul Deb6, Elena Provenzano7, Abeer Shaaban8, Ian O Ellis9, Sarah E Pinder10. 1. Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. 2. Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. 3. Department of Histopathology, Rockefeller Building, University College Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. 4. St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK. 5. Breast Unit, St James's Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK. 6. Department of Histopathology, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK. 7. Department of Histopathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK. 8. Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. 9. Department of Histopathology, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK. 10. School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Abstract
AIMS: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon complication associated largely with textured implants. It is important that the symptoms associated with BIA-ALCL are recognised and that robust pathways are in place to establish the diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to review what is known of the incidence of the disease, current thoughts on pathogenesis, patterns of presentation and pathological features to provide standard guidelines for its diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Systematic review of the literature via PubMed covering cases series, modes of presentation, cytological, histological and immunohistochemical features and disease outcome. Since 1997, 518 cases throughout 25 countries have been registered on the American Society of Plastic Surgeons PROFILE registry, with an estimated risk for women with an implant of one to three per million per year. It most frequently presents as a late-onset accumulation of seroma fluid, sometimes as a mass lesion. The neoplastic cells are highly atypical, consistently strongly positive for CD30, with 43-90% also positive for EMA, and all are ALK-negative. Behaviour is best predicted using a staging system for solid tumours. CONCLUSION: BIA-ALCL is a rare but important complication of breast implants. While characterised by CD30-positive neoplastic cells this must be interpreted with care, and we provide pathological guidelines for the robust diagnosis of this lesion as well as the most appropriate staging system and management strategies. Finally, in order to generate more accurate data on incidence, we recommend mechanisms for the routine central reporting of all cases.
AIMS: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon complication associated largely with textured implants. It is important that the symptoms associated with BIA-ALCL are recognised and that robust pathways are in place to establish the diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to review what is known of the incidence of the disease, current thoughts on pathogenesis, patterns of presentation and pathological features to provide standard guidelines for its diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Systematic review of the literature via PubMed covering cases series, modes of presentation, cytological, histological and immunohistochemical features and disease outcome. Since 1997, 518 cases throughout 25 countries have been registered on the American Society of Plastic Surgeons PROFILE registry, with an estimated risk for women with an implant of one to three per million per year. It most frequently presents as a late-onset accumulation of seroma fluid, sometimes as a mass lesion. The neoplastic cells are highly atypical, consistently strongly positive for CD30, with 43-90% also positive for EMA, and all are ALK-negative. Behaviour is best predicted using a staging system for solid tumours. CONCLUSION:BIA-ALCL is a rare but important complication of breast implants. While characterised by CD30-positive neoplastic cells this must be interpreted with care, and we provide pathological guidelines for the robust diagnosis of this lesion as well as the most appropriate staging system and management strategies. Finally, in order to generate more accurate data on incidence, we recommend mechanisms for the routine central reporting of all cases.
Authors: Joshua Agilinko; Dharshanan Raj; Ken Vin Wong; Daniele Fanelli; Nicklaus Ng; Bertrand Agilinko; Mohammad Hasan Journal: Ger Med Sci Date: 2021-05-25
Authors: Sarah Premji; Andreia Barbieri; Christine Roth; Eric M Rohren; Gustavo Rivero; Sravanti P Teegavarapu Journal: Case Rep Hematol Date: 2022-06-09