Yun Huang1, Pi Guo2, Biraj M Karmacharya3, Sharvesh Raj Seeruttun4, Dong Roman Xu3, Yuantao Hao1,3. 1. 1Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province People's Republic of China. 2. 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong Province China. 3. 3Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute (SGHI), School of Public Health and Institute of National Governance of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong Province China. 4. Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong Province China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence. We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Nepal. METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed, and studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were reviewed. Pooled prevalence was calculated by random-effects model, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored with meta-regression and subgroup analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies with 99,792 subjects were identified, and the estimated rate of hypertension and prehypertension were found to be 27.3% (95% CI: 23.8-30.9) and 35.4% (30.3-40.8). The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4% (22.4-34.7), 25.5% (21.4-29.8), and 24.4% (17.9-31.6) among urban, suburban, and rural populations, respectively. Moreover, rates of hypertension were found to be substantially higher in male (31.6%, 27.3-36.1) compared to female (20.0%, 14.2-26.6), and significantly higher among the middle-aged (≥40 years; 36.8%, 29.4-44.5) than among younger adults (< 40 years; 13.2%, 9.2-17.7). Further, prehypertension prevalence was found to be highest in rural areas (40.4%, 25.4-56.4) followed by urban areas (29.3%, 20.8-38.5) and lowest in suburban areas (25.5%, 18.9-32.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified an alarming situation of hypertension among Nepalese males and middle-aged, and a situation of concern with prehypertension in rural areas affecting almost 40 % of the population.
BACKGROUND: Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence. We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Nepal. METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed, and studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were reviewed. Pooled prevalence was calculated by random-effects model, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored with meta-regression and subgroup analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies with 99,792 subjects were identified, and the estimated rate of hypertension and prehypertension were found to be 27.3% (95% CI: 23.8-30.9) and 35.4% (30.3-40.8). The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4% (22.4-34.7), 25.5% (21.4-29.8), and 24.4% (17.9-31.6) among urban, suburban, and rural populations, respectively. Moreover, rates of hypertension were found to be substantially higher in male (31.6%, 27.3-36.1) compared to female (20.0%, 14.2-26.6), and significantly higher among the middle-aged (≥40 years; 36.8%, 29.4-44.5) than among younger adults (< 40 years; 13.2%, 9.2-17.7). Further, prehypertension prevalence was found to be highest in rural areas (40.4%, 25.4-56.4) followed by urban areas (29.3%, 20.8-38.5) and lowest in suburban areas (25.5%, 18.9-32.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified an alarming situation of hypertension among Nepalese males and middle-aged, and a situation of concern with prehypertension in rural areas affecting almost 40 % of the population.
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