Tahereh Rashnavadi1, Andrew Macnab2, Amanda Cheung2, Armita Shadgan3, Brian K Kwon2,4, Babak Shadgan5,6,7. 1. The University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada. 2. International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada. 3. Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. 4. Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 5. The University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada. shadgan@mail.ubc.ca. 6. International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, Canada. shadgan@mail.ubc.ca. 7. Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. shadgan@mail.ubc.ca.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Review. OBJECTIVES: Clinical studies have shown that the hemodynamic management of patients following acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important aspect of their treatment for maintaining spinal cord (SC) perfusion and minimizing ischemic secondary injury to the SC. While this highlights the importance of ensuring adequate perfusion and oxygenation to the injured cord, a method for the real-time monitoring of these hemodynamic measures within the SC is lacking. The purpose of this review is to discuss current and potential methods for SC hemodynamic monitoring with special focus on applications using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: A literature search using the PubMed database. All peer-reviewed articles on NIRS monitoring of SC published from inception to May 2019 were reviewed. RESULTS: Among 125 papers related to SC hemodynamics monitoring, 26 focused on direct/indirect NIRS monitoring of the SC. DISCUSSION: Current options for continuous, non-invasive, and real-time monitoring of SC hemodynamics are challenging and limited in scope. As a relatively new technique, NIRS has been successfully used for monitoring human cerebral hemodynamics, and has shown promising results in intraoperative assessment of SC hemodynamics in both human and animal models. Although utilizing NIRS to monitor the SC has been validated, applying NIRS clinically following SCI requires further development and investigation. CONCLUSIONS: NIRS is a promising non-invasive technique with the potential to provide real-time monitoring of relevant parameters in the SC. Currently, in its first developmental stages, further clinical and experimental studies are mandatory to ensure the validity and safety of NIRS techniques.
STUDY DESIGN: Review. OBJECTIVES: Clinical studies have shown that the hemodynamic management of patients following acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important aspect of their treatment for maintaining spinal cord (SC) perfusion and minimizing ischemic secondary injury to the SC. While this highlights the importance of ensuring adequate perfusion and oxygenation to the injured cord, a method for the real-time monitoring of these hemodynamic measures within the SC is lacking. The purpose of this review is to discuss current and potential methods for SC hemodynamic monitoring with special focus on applications using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: A literature search using the PubMed database. All peer-reviewed articles on NIRS monitoring of SC published from inception to May 2019 were reviewed. RESULTS: Among 125 papers related to SC hemodynamics monitoring, 26 focused on direct/indirect NIRS monitoring of the SC. DISCUSSION: Current options for continuous, non-invasive, and real-time monitoring of SC hemodynamics are challenging and limited in scope. As a relatively new technique, NIRS has been successfully used for monitoring human cerebral hemodynamics, and has shown promising results in intraoperative assessment of SC hemodynamics in both human and animal models. Although utilizing NIRS to monitor the SC has been validated, applying NIRS clinically following SCI requires further development and investigation. CONCLUSIONS: NIRS is a promising non-invasive technique with the potential to provide real-time monitoring of relevant parameters in the SC. Currently, in its first developmental stages, further clinical and experimental studies are mandatory to ensure the validity and safety of NIRS techniques.
Authors: Georgios V Varsos; Melissa C Werndle; Zofia H Czosnyka; Peter Smielewski; Angelos G Kolias; Isaac Phang; Samira Saadoun; B Anthony Bell; Argyro Zoumprouli; Marios C Papadopoulos; Marek Czosnyka Journal: J Neurosurg Spine Date: 2015-08-14
Authors: Adina E Draghici; Diane Potart; Joseph L Hollmann; Vivian Pera; Qianqian Fang; Charles A DiMarzio; J Andrew Taylor; Mark J Niedre; Sandra J Shefelbine Journal: J Orthop Res Date: 2017-06-28 Impact factor: 3.494
Authors: Zin Z Khaing; Lindsay N Cates; Jeffrey E Hyde; Ryan Hammond; Matthew Bruce; Christoph P Hofstetter Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2020-01-21 Impact factor: 2.772
Authors: Carl Moritz Zipser; José Miguel Spirig; José Aguirre; Anna-Sophie Hofer; Nikolai Pfender; Markus Hupp; Armin Curt; Mazda Farshad; Martin Schubert Journal: Acta Neurochir Suppl Date: 2021
Authors: Ida L Gitajn; Gerard P Slobogean; Eric R Henderson; Arvind G von Keudell; Mitchel B Harris; John A Scolaro; Nathan N O'Hara; Jonathan T Elliott; Brian W Pogue; Shudong Jiang Journal: J Biomed Opt Date: 2020-08 Impact factor: 3.170