Elevated expression and point mutation of the Ha-ras proto-oncogene in mouse skin tumors promoted by benzoyl peroxide and other promoting agents.

The two-stage skin carcinogenesis model of initiation and promotion in SENCAR mice has been used to examine the effects of various tumor-promoting agents on the expression of the Ha-ras oncogene in early stages of tumorigenesis in vivo. Papillomas were induced in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated SENCAR mouse epidermis by (i) complete promotion with benzoyl peroxide; (ii) complete promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA); and (iii) two-stage promotion with TPA for 2 weeks followed by mezerein for 9 weeks. Results of Northern blot hybridization analyses show that early papillomas contain significantly elevated levels of Ha-ras polyadenylated [poly(A)+] RNA, irrespective of the type of tumor promotion regimen used. This pattern holds for promoters of the phorbol ester class as well as for the free radical generating agent benzoyl peroxide. Furthermore, digestion of tumor DNA with diagnostic restriction endonucleases demonstrated that 9-week-old papillomas induced by DMBA contained a point mutation in the 61st codon of one allele of the Ha-ras gene. The results represent the earliest stage in the development of a papilloma at which a Ha-ras point mutation has been reported.