Anastasios Hantzakos1,2, Frederik G Dikkers3, Antoine Giovanni4, Michael S Benninger5, Marc Remacle6, Elisabeth V Sjögren7, Peak Woo8. 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Surgical Subspecialties Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 112412, UAE. HantzaA@ClevelandClinicAbuDhabi.ae. 2. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. HantzaA@ClevelandClinicAbuDhabi.ae. 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHU Conception, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. 5. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A-71, Cleveland, OH, USA. 6. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. 7. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2223 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. 8. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Vocal fold scar is one the most challenging benign laryngeal pathologies. The purpose of this paper is to propose a classification that will allow for a common description of this entity between laryngologists, prevent discrepancies in interpretation, allow for comparison of related studies, and offer a training tool for young laryngologists. METHODS/ RESULTS: Based on the depth and laterality of scarring, we propose 4 types: type I, characterized by atrophy of lamina propria with/without affected epithelium; type II, where the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscle are affected; type III, where the scar is located on the anterior commissure; type IV, which includes extended scar formation in both anteroposterior and rostro-caudal axis with significant loss of vocal fold mass. CONCLUSION: We believe that our proposal is comprehensive and encompasses all existing iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic etiologies in a simple and concise manner. It also serves its purpose as a descriptive, comparative, and training tool.
PURPOSE: Vocal fold scar is one the most challenging benign laryngeal pathologies. The purpose of this paper is to propose a classification that will allow for a common description of this entity between laryngologists, prevent discrepancies in interpretation, allow for comparison of related studies, and offer a training tool for young laryngologists. METHODS/ RESULTS: Based on the depth and laterality of scarring, we propose 4 types: type I, characterized by atrophy of lamina propria with/without affected epithelium; type II, where the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscle are affected; type III, where the scar is located on the anterior commissure; type IV, which includes extended scar formation in both anteroposterior and rostro-caudal axis with significant loss of vocal fold mass. CONCLUSION: We believe that our proposal is comprehensive and encompasses all existing iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic etiologies in a simple and concise manner. It also serves its purpose as a descriptive, comparative, and training tool.
Entities:
Keywords:
American Laryngological Association; Benign laryngeal pathology; Classification proposal; European Laryngological Society; Vocal fold scar
Authors: M Remacle; H E Eckel; A Antonelli; D Brasnu; D Chevalier; G Friedrich; J Olofsson; H H Rudert; W Thumfart; M de Vincentiis; T P Wustrow Journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Date: 2000 Impact factor: 2.503
Authors: M S Benninger; D Alessi; S Archer; R Bastian; C Ford; J Koufman; R T Sataloff; J R Spiegel; P Woo Journal: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Date: 1996-11 Impact factor: 3.497
Authors: G Friedrich; F G Dikkers; C Arens; M Remacle; M Hess; A Giovanni; S Duflo; A Hantzakos; V Bachy; M Gugatschka Journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Date: 2013-04-21 Impact factor: 2.503
Authors: Marc Remacle; Christophe Van Haverbeke; Hans Eckel; Patrick Bradley; Dominique Chevalier; Votko Djukic; Marco de Vicentiis; Gerhard Friedrich; Jan Olofsson; Giorgio Peretti; Miquel Quer; Jochen Werner Journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Date: 2007-03-22 Impact factor: 3.236