Suppressors of RNA silencing encoded by geminiviruses and associated DNA satellites.

In plants, RNA silencing provides a major line of defence against viruses. This antiviral immunity involves production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and results in specific silencing of viruses by vsiRNAs-guided effector complexes. As a counterattack against RNA silencing, many plant viruses encode suppressors of RNA silencing called viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), which interfere with the silencing pathway by various mechanisms. This review describes various methods that are being used to characterize viral proteins for suppressor function, VSRs found in geminiviruses and associated DNA satellites and their mechanisms of action.