Rie Nakayama1, Yoichi Takaya2, Teiji Akagi1, Nobuhisa Watanabe3, Madoka Ikeda3, Koji Nakagawa1, Norihisa Toh1, Hiroshi Ito1. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan. 2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan. Electronic address: takayayoichi@yahoo.co.jp. 3. Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has become an effective therapeutic strategy for cryptogenic stroke (CS). The identification of high-risk PFO is essential, but the data are limited. This study aimed to clarify the factors related to CS and to develop a score for high-risk PFO. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 57 patients with prior CS and 50 without CS who were scheduled for transcatheter closure. PFO characteristics were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography. Based on factors related to CS, we estimated the risk score. RESULTS: Patients with CS had a greater frequency of large-size PFO (≥2 mm in height), long-tunnel PFO (≥10 mm in length), atrial septal aneurysm, hypermobile interatrial septum, prominent Eustachian valve or Chiari's network, the large right-to-left shunt at rest and during Valsalva maneuver, and low-angle PFO (≤10° of PFO angle from inferior vena cava), compared with patients without CS. Multivariate analysis showed that long-tunnel PFO, the presence of hypermobile interatrial septum, the presence of prominent Eustachian valve or Chiari's network, the large right-to-left shunt during Valsalva maneuver, and low-angle PFO were independently related to CS. When the score was estimated based on 1 point for each factor, the proportion of CS was markedly elevated with a score of ≥2 points. The probability of CS was markedly different between scores of ≤1 or ≥2 points. CONCLUSIONS: PFO risk can be assessed with a score based on high-risk features. The presence of two or more high-risk PFO features is associated with CS.
BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has become an effective therapeutic strategy for cryptogenic stroke (CS). The identification of high-risk PFO is essential, but the data are limited. This study aimed to clarify the factors related to CS and to develop a score for high-risk PFO. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 57 patients with prior CS and 50 without CS who were scheduled for transcatheter closure. PFO characteristics were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography. Based on factors related to CS, we estimated the risk score. RESULTS:Patients with CS had a greater frequency of large-size PFO (≥2 mm in height), long-tunnel PFO (≥10 mm in length), atrial septal aneurysm, hypermobile interatrial septum, prominent Eustachian valve or Chiari's network, the large right-to-left shunt at rest and during Valsalva maneuver, and low-angle PFO (≤10° of PFO angle from inferior vena cava), compared with patients without CS. Multivariate analysis showed that long-tunnel PFO, the presence of hypermobile interatrial septum, the presence of prominent Eustachian valve or Chiari's network, the large right-to-left shunt during Valsalva maneuver, and low-angle PFO were independently related to CS. When the score was estimated based on 1 point for each factor, the proportion of CS was markedly elevated with a score of ≥2 points. The probability of CS was markedly different between scores of ≤1 or ≥2 points. CONCLUSIONS: PFO risk can be assessed with a score based on high-risk features. The presence of two or more high-risk PFO features is associated with CS.
Authors: Francesco Radico; Melissa Foglietta; Maria Di Fulvio; Marianna Appignani; Serena Rossi; Maria Vittoria De Angelis; Sabina Gallina; Marco Zimarino Journal: Eur Heart J Suppl Date: 2021-10-08 Impact factor: 1.803
Authors: Francesco Janes; Roberta Giacomello; Francesca Blarasin; Martina Fabris; Simone Lorenzut; Gian Luigi Gigli; Francesco Curcio; Mariarosaria Valente Journal: Cureus Date: 2022-09-17