Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel1, Al-Mutary Mohsen G1, Paulrayer Antonisamy2, Selvaraj Arokiyaraj3, Hak-Jae Kim4, Sun-Ju Kim5, Kyeong Hun Park6, Young Ock Kim5. 1. Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375 , Dammam - 31451, Saudi Arabia. 2. Department of Korean Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan City, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hak3962@sch.ac.kr. 5. Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseung-Gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea. 6. Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammation and pain triggers several pathological illnesses. Synthetic drugs used for the controlling of inflammatory conditions convey significant toxic effects. Global scientific community continually attempt to improve effective, economic and harmless naturally derived remedies against inflammation and pain. The present study aimed to quantify the phytochemical constituents of the freshly cultivated Spirulina and targeted to examining the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Spirulina extract (SE) derived from Arthrospira platensis. METHODS: The anti-inflammatory effect of SE was evaluated in animal models including carrageenan-induced rat hind paw oedema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. Analgesic effects of SE were evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing response and hot plate test. RESULTS: Phytochemical quantification guided to identify seven carbohydrates, thirteen amino acids, eleven fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds respectively. The results indicated that SE significantly attenuated carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Preliminary molecular mechanistic studies established that SE decreased the productions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and NO, and suppressed the activities of COX-2 and iNOS. CONCLUSION: These results provide a strong scientific foundation for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of SE against different studies in animal models.
BACKGROUND:Inflammation and pain triggers several pathological illnesses. Synthetic drugs used for the controlling of inflammatory conditions convey significant toxic effects. Global scientific community continually attempt to improve effective, economic and harmless naturally derived remedies against inflammation and pain. The present study aimed to quantify the phytochemical constituents of the freshly cultivated Spirulina and targeted to examining the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Spirulina extract (SE) derived from Arthrospira platensis. METHODS: The anti-inflammatory effect of SE was evaluated in animal models including carrageenan-induced rat hind paw oedema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. Analgesic effects of SE were evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing response and hot plate test. RESULTS: Phytochemical quantification guided to identify seven carbohydrates, thirteen amino acids, eleven fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds respectively. The results indicated that SE significantly attenuated carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Preliminary molecular mechanistic studies established that SE decreased the productions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and NO, and suppressed the activities of COX-2 and iNOS. CONCLUSION: These results provide a strong scientific foundation for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of SE against different studies in animal models.
Authors: Marta Szandruk-Bender; Anna Merwid-Ląd; Benita Wiatrak; Maciej Danielewski; Stanisław Dzimira; Danuta Szkudlarek; Łukasz Szczukowski; Piotr Świątek; Adam Szeląg Journal: J Inflamm Res Date: 2021-11-02
Authors: Mariana A Freitas; Amanda Vasconcelos; Elaine C D Gonçalves; Eduarda G Ferrarini; Gabriela B Vieira; Donatella Cicia; Maíra Cola; Raffaele Capasso; Rafael C Dutra Journal: Biomolecules Date: 2021-04-17