OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between pain and social integration following spinal cord injury using comprehensive evaluation of pain-related clinical characteristics and different aspects of social integration. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 318 participants with American Spinal Cord Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) Grades A, B, C or D and > 3 months post-injury. METHODS: All participants completed the survey relating to demographics, pain characteristics, and the Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique Social Integration scores. RESULTS: Individuals who were younger, those 3-6 years after injury, and those with a grade of AIS grade A (odds ratio (OR) 8.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.83-12.07) or B (OR 3.25, 95% CI 0.91-7.63) were more likely to report neuropathic pain. Significant inverse correlations were found between pain intensity and social integration (R = -0.597, p = 0.019). Brief Pain Inventory interference scores were negatively associated with 5 (friends, living situation, business, strangers and family) of 6 domains of Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique social integration (p <0.001). Pain type and only 1 domain (strangers) showed a significant negative relationship (B=-1.47, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Chronic pain after spinal cord injury is negatively associated with Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique social integration. Brief Pain Inventory Pain interference, to a greater extent than pain type, best predicts social integration after spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between pain and social integration following spinal cord injury using comprehensive evaluation of pain-related clinical characteristics and different aspects of social integration. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 318 participants with American Spinal Cord Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) Grades A, B, C or D and > 3 months post-injury. METHODS: All participants completed the survey relating to demographics, pain characteristics, and the Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique Social Integration scores. RESULTS: Individuals who were younger, those 3-6 years after injury, and those with a grade of AIS grade A (odds ratio (OR) 8.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.83-12.07) or B (OR 3.25, 95% CI 0.91-7.63) were more likely to report neuropathic pain. Significant inverse correlations were found between pain intensity and social integration (R = -0.597, p = 0.019). Brief Pain Inventory interference scores were negatively associated with 5 (friends, living situation, business, strangers and family) of 6 domains of Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique social integration (p <0.001). Pain type and only 1 domain (strangers) showed a significant negative relationship (B=-1.47, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION:Chronic pain after spinal cord injury is negatively associated with Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique social integration. Brief Pain Inventory Pain interference, to a greater extent than pain type, best predicts social integration after spinal cord injury.
Authors: A N Baldwin; M L Banks; S A Marsh; E A Townsend; M Venniro; Y Shaham; S Stevens Negus Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2022-01-19 Impact factor: 4.530