Taegeun Bae1, Junseok W Hur2, Dokyoung Kim3,4,5,6, Junho K Hur7,8. 1. Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. 2. Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. 3. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. dkim@khu.ac.kr. 4. Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. dkim@khu.ac.kr. 5. Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. dkim@khu.ac.kr. 6. Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. dkim@khu.ac.kr. 7. Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. jhur@khu.ac.kr. 8. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. jhur@khu.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The CRISPR-Cas systems have emerged as a robust genome editing tool useful in various fields of research. With the discovery and development of the orthologous CRISPR-Cas systems, their genome editing efficiency have improved. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we aim to present the recent developments and applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems. METHODS: First, we introduce how the advancements of CRISPR technology enabled genome editing to single base precision. Then, we discuss the CRISPR based methods for targeted transcriptional regulation, epigenome editing, and RNA editing. Finally, we review the CRISPR delivery systems highlighting recent attempts to integrate nanotechnology to develop novel CRISPR delivery modalities. CONCLUSION: Here, we review the recent trends in CRISPR-based biotechnologies, encompassing genome editing, epigenome regulation and direct RNA targeting and provide an overview of methods employed for CRISPR delivery with an emphasis on the most recent nanotechnology-based delivery strategies. We anticipate that the development of CRISPR based technology will continue to explore novel methods.
BACKGROUND: The CRISPR-Cas systems have emerged as a robust genome editing tool useful in various fields of research. With the discovery and development of the orthologous CRISPR-Cas systems, their genome editing efficiency have improved. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we aim to present the recent developments and applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems. METHODS: First, we introduce how the advancements of CRISPR technology enabled genome editing to single base precision. Then, we discuss the CRISPR based methods for targeted transcriptional regulation, epigenome editing, and RNA editing. Finally, we review the CRISPR delivery systems highlighting recent attempts to integrate nanotechnology to develop novel CRISPR delivery modalities. CONCLUSION: Here, we review the recent trends in CRISPR-based biotechnologies, encompassing genome editing, epigenome regulation and direct RNA targeting and provide an overview of methods employed for CRISPR delivery with an emphasis on the most recent nanotechnology-based delivery strategies. We anticipate that the development of CRISPR based technology will continue to explore novel methods.
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