Tamer A Gheita1, Eiman Abd El-Latif2, Iman I El-Gazzar3, Nermeen Samy4, Nevin Hammam5,6, Rasha A Abdel Noor7, Emad El-Shebeiny8, Amany R El-Najjar9, Nahla N Eesa3, Mohamed N Salem10, Soha E Ibrahim11, Dina F El-Essawi12, Ahmed M Elsaman13, Hanan M Fathi14, Rehab A Sallam15, Rawhya R El-Shereef16, Mervat I Abd-Elazeem17, Emtethal A Said18, Noha M Khalil19, Dina Shahin20, Hanan M El-Saadany21, Marwa S ElKhalifa22, Samah I Nasef23, Ahmed M Abdalla24,25, Nermeen Noshy4, Rasha M Fawzy18, Ehab Saad26, Abdel-Hafeez Moshrif27, Amira T El-Shanawany28, Yousra H Abdel-Fattah29, Hossam M Khalil30. 1. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. gheitamer@hotmail.com. 2. Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. 3. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. 4. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 5. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt. 6. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 7. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt. 8. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt. 9. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt. 10. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. 11. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 12. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt. 13. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt. 14. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt. 15. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt. 16. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt. 17. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. 18. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Kalubia, Egypt. 19. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. 20. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt. 21. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. 22. Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. 23. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez-Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. 24. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt. 25. Internal Medicine Department III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 26. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt. 27. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt. 28. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt. 29. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. 30. Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present work was conducted to estimate the prevalence of adult Behçet's disease (BD) in adult Egyptian and to study the clinical pattern and influence of age at-onset and sex on disease phenotype. Also, we investigated the spectrum of presentation and frequencies along the north-to-south gradient of the country. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study included 1526 adult BD patients from 26 specialized Egyptian rheumatology centers. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data are assessed for all patients. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 35.7 ± 9.84 years, disease duration 6.58 ± 5.25 years, and age at onset 29.37 ± 8.6 years; 91 were juvenile-onset (JoBD). There were 1102 males and 424 females (M:F 2.6:1). Regarding co-morbidities, 19.92% were diabetic, and 26.05% were hypertensive. The mean body mass index was 27.57 ± 5.24 (43.1% overweight; 25.9% obese). The mean BD current activity form was 4.48 ± 4.28. Regarding the medications use, systemic steroid and colchicine were the most common drugs used (947 (90.2%) and 611 (82.7%), respectively). The overall estimated prevalence of BD in Egypt was 3.6/100,000 population being highest in the two main cities: Alexandria (15.27) and Cairo (8.72). Pathergy test was positive in 43.4%. 90.2% were receiving systemic steroids and 8.3%, biologics. Disease characteristics were comparable between JoBD and adult-onset BD cases. Central nervous system (CNS), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and gastrointestinal (GIT) involvement were significantly higher in males (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001 respectively) while joint affection (p = 0.001) and disease activity (p = 0.011) were increased in females. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides current prevalence of BD in Egypt; 3.6/100,000 with no remarkable north-to-south gradient. The sex influences the disease phenotype with the CNS, DVT, and GIT involvement are higher in males, while the joint affection and disease activity were increased in females. KEY POINTS: • The prevalence and phenotype of Behçet's disease across Egypt is presented in a multicenter nationwide study. • The potential influence of the age at onset and sex on disease phenotype is highlightened. • A review of the literature worldwide is presented allowing comparisons with studies from other nations.
OBJECTIVES: The present work was conducted to estimate the prevalence of adult Behçet's disease (BD) in adult Egyptian and to study the clinical pattern and influence of age at-onset and sex on disease phenotype. Also, we investigated the spectrum of presentation and frequencies along the north-to-south gradient of the country. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study included 1526 adult BD patients from 26 specialized Egyptian rheumatology centers. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data are assessed for all patients. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 35.7 ± 9.84 years, disease duration 6.58 ± 5.25 years, and age at onset 29.37 ± 8.6 years; 91 were juvenile-onset (JoBD). There were 1102 males and 424 females (M:F 2.6:1). Regarding co-morbidities, 19.92% were diabetic, and 26.05% were hypertensive. The mean body mass index was 27.57 ± 5.24 (43.1% overweight; 25.9% obese). The mean BD current activity form was 4.48 ± 4.28. Regarding the medications use, systemic steroid and colchicine were the most common drugs used (947 (90.2%) and 611 (82.7%), respectively). The overall estimated prevalence of BD in Egypt was 3.6/100,000 population being highest in the two main cities: Alexandria (15.27) and Cairo (8.72). Pathergy test was positive in 43.4%. 90.2% were receiving systemic steroids and 8.3%, biologics. Disease characteristics were comparable between JoBD and adult-onset BD cases. Central nervous system (CNS), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and gastrointestinal (GIT) involvement were significantly higher in males (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001 respectively) while joint affection (p = 0.001) and disease activity (p = 0.011) were increased in females. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides current prevalence of BD in Egypt; 3.6/100,000 with no remarkable north-to-south gradient. The sex influences the disease phenotype with the CNS, DVT, and GIT involvement are higher in males, while the joint affection and disease activity were increased in females. KEY POINTS: • The prevalence and phenotype of Behçet's disease across Egypt is presented in a multicenter nationwide study. • The potential influence of the age at onset and sex on disease phenotype is highlightened. • A review of the literature worldwide is presented allowing comparisons with studies from other nations.
Entities:
Keywords:
Age at onset; Behçet’s disease; Egypt; Multicenter; Prevalence; Sex
Authors: Nevin Hammam; Jing Li; Michael Evans; Julia L Kay; Zara Izadi; Christine Anastasiou; Milena A Gianfrancesco; Jinoos Yazdany; Gabriela Schmajuk Journal: Arthritis Res Ther Date: 2021-08-30 Impact factor: 5.606