Zheng Wu1, Christoph M Schimmele2. 1. Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada. 2. Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Most knowledge on the health consequences of discrimination comes from studies on racial/ethnic minorities, and research on religious discrimination is rare. To address this gap in knowledge, we examine the relationship between religious discrimination and self-rated mental health (SRMH), focusing on the role of religious affiliation as well as religious participation and the importance of religion/spirituality. METHODS: The empirical analysis uses cross-sectional data from Statistics Canada's 2013 General Social Survey (GSS-27) and the target population includes Canadians aged 15 and older (N = 27,104) from all 10 provinces. The outcome variable is SRMH. Using OLS regressions, we compare the consequences of religious discrimination across five major religious groups (Christian, Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, and Muslim), controlling for racial status and other confounding variables, and examining moderating factors. RESULTS: Religious discrimination is harmful for the SRMH of all religious groups. Despite experiencing higher levels of religious discrimination, religious minorities have no worse SRMH than the Christian majority, with the exception of Buddhists, who fare worse. The magnitude of the relationship between religious discrimination and SRMH differs across religious groups. CONCLUSION: Religious discrimination is a threat to mental health, irrespective of religious affiliation. There is a need to disaggregate non-Christian groups into distinct groups in studies of religious discrimination.
OBJECTIVES: Most knowledge on the health consequences of discrimination comes from studies on racial/ethnic minorities, and research on religious discrimination is rare. To address this gap in knowledge, we examine the relationship between religious discrimination and self-rated mental health (SRMH), focusing on the role of religious affiliation as well as religious participation and the importance of religion/spirituality. METHODS: The empirical analysis uses cross-sectional data from Statistics Canada's 2013 General Social Survey (GSS-27) and the target population includes Canadians aged 15 and older (N = 27,104) from all 10 provinces. The outcome variable is SRMH. Using OLS regressions, we compare the consequences of religious discrimination across five major religious groups (Christian, Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, and Muslim), controlling for racial status and other confounding variables, and examining moderating factors. RESULTS: Religious discrimination is harmful for the SRMH of all religious groups. Despite experiencing higher levels of religious discrimination, religious minorities have no worse SRMH than the Christian majority, with the exception of Buddhists, who fare worse. The magnitude of the relationship between religious discrimination and SRMH differs across religious groups. CONCLUSION: Religious discrimination is a threat to mental health, irrespective of religious affiliation. There is a need to disaggregate non-Christian groups into distinct groups in studies of religious discrimination.
Entities:
Keywords:
Discrimination; mental health; religious discrimination; self-rated mental health
Authors: Linda A Jones; Jenny R Nelder; Joseph M Fryer; Philip H Alsop; Michael R Geary; Mark Prince; Rudolf N Cardinal Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2022-04-27 Impact factor: 3.006