Postsynaptic plasticity of GABAergic synapses.

The flexibility of neuronal networks is believed to rely mainly on the plasticity of excitatory synapses. However, like their excitatory counterparts, inhibitory synapses also undergo several forms of synaptic plasticity. This review examines recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to postsynaptic GABAergic plasticity. Specifically, modulation of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) number at postsynaptic sites plays a key role, with the interaction of GABAARs with the scaffold protein gephyrin and other postsynaptic scaffold/regulatory proteins having particular importance. Our understanding of these molecular interactions are progressing, based on recent insights into the processes of GABAAR lateral diffusion, gephyrin dynamics, and gephyrin nanoscale organization. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.