Marzieh Araghi1, Isabelle Soerjomataram2, Aude Bardot2, Jacques Ferlay2, Citadel J Cabasag2, David S Morrison3, Prithwish De4, Hanna Tervonen5, Paul M Walsh6, Oliver Bucher7, Gerda Engholm8, Christopher Jackson9, Carol McClure10, Ryan R Woods11, Nathalie Saint-Jacques12, Eileen Morgan13, David Ransom14, Vicky Thursfield15, Bjørn Møller16, Suzanne Leonfellner17, Marianne G Guren18, Freddie Bray2, Melina Arnold2. 1. Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Electronic address: araghim@fellows.iarc.fr. 2. Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 3. Scottish Cancer Registry, Information Services Division, National Health Service National Services Scotland, South Gyle, Edinburgh, Scotland. 4. Analytics and Informatics, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Cancer Institute New South Wales, Alexandria, NSW, Australia. 6. National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Cancercare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. 8. Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. 9. Cancer Society of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. 10. Prince Edward Island Cancer Registry, Charlottetown, PE, Canada. 11. BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 12. Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Halifax, NS, Canada. 13. Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland. 14. Western Australia Cancer and Palliative Care Network Policy Unit Health Networks Branch, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia. 15. Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 16. Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. 17. NB Cancer Network, Department of Health, Province of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada. 18. Department of Oncology and K G Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The overall incidence of colorectal cancer is decreasing in many high-income countries, yet analyses in the USA and other high-income countries such as Australia, Canada, and Norway have suggested increasing incidences among adults younger than 50 years. We aimed to examine longitudinal and generational changes in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer in seven high-income countries. METHODS: We obtained data for the incidence of colon and rectal cancer from 21 population-based cancer registries in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, New Zealand, Ireland, and the UK for the earliest available year until 2014. We used age-period-cohort modelling to assess trends in incidence by age group, period, and birth cohort. We stratified cases by tumour subsite according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases. Age-standardised incidences were calculated on the basis of the world standard population. FINDINGS: An overall decline or stabilisation in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer was noted in all studied countries. In the most recent 10-year period for which data were available, however, significant increases were noted in the incidence of colon cancer in people younger than 50 years in Denmark (by 3·1%), New Zealand (2·9%), Australia (2·9%), and the UK (1·8%). Significant increases in the incidence of rectal cancer were also noted in this age group in Canada (by 3·4%), Australia (2·6%), and the UK (1·4%). Contemporaneously, in people aged 50-74 years, the incidence of colon cancer decreased significantly in Australia (by 1·6%), Canada (1·9%), and New Zealand (3·4%) and of rectal cancer in Australia (2·4%), Canada (1·2%), and the UK (1·2%). Increases in the incidence of colorectal cancer in people younger than 50 years were mainly driven by increases in distal (left) tumours of the colon. In all countries, we noted non-linear cohort effects, which were more pronounced for rectal than for colon cancer. INTERPRETATION: We noted a substantial increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in people younger than 50 years in some of the countries in this study. Future studies are needed to establish the root causes of this rising incidence to enable the development of potential preventive and early-detection strategies. FUNDING: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Institute New South Wales, Cancer Research UK, Danish Cancer Society, National Cancer Registry Ireland, the Cancer Society of New Zealand, NHS England, Norwegian Cancer Society, Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, Scottish Government, Western Australia Department of Health, and Wales Cancer Network.
BACKGROUND: The overall incidence of colorectal cancer is decreasing in many high-income countries, yet analyses in the USA and other high-income countries such as Australia, Canada, and Norway have suggested increasing incidences among adults younger than 50 years. We aimed to examine longitudinal and generational changes in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer in seven high-income countries. METHODS: We obtained data for the incidence of colon and rectal cancer from 21 population-based cancer registries in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, New Zealand, Ireland, and the UK for the earliest available year until 2014. We used age-period-cohort modelling to assess trends in incidence by age group, period, and birth cohort. We stratified cases by tumour subsite according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases. Age-standardised incidences were calculated on the basis of the world standard population. FINDINGS: An overall decline or stabilisation in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer was noted in all studied countries. In the most recent 10-year period for which data were available, however, significant increases were noted in the incidence of colon cancer in people younger than 50 years in Denmark (by 3·1%), New Zealand (2·9%), Australia (2·9%), and the UK (1·8%). Significant increases in the incidence of rectal cancer were also noted in this age group in Canada (by 3·4%), Australia (2·6%), and the UK (1·4%). Contemporaneously, in people aged 50-74 years, the incidence of colon cancer decreased significantly in Australia (by 1·6%), Canada (1·9%), and New Zealand (3·4%) and of rectal cancer in Australia (2·4%), Canada (1·2%), and the UK (1·2%). Increases in the incidence of colorectal cancer in people younger than 50 years were mainly driven by increases in distal (left) tumours of the colon. In all countries, we noted non-linear cohort effects, which were more pronounced for rectal than for colon cancer. INTERPRETATION: We noted a substantial increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in people younger than 50 years in some of the countries in this study. Future studies are needed to establish the root causes of this rising incidence to enable the development of potential preventive and early-detection strategies. FUNDING: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Institute New South Wales, Cancer Research UK, Danish Cancer Society, National Cancer Registry Ireland, the Cancer Society of New Zealand, NHS England, Norwegian Cancer Society, Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, Scottish Government, Western Australia Department of Health, and Wales Cancer Network.
Authors: Antonio Caycedo-Marulanda; Sunil V Patel; Chris P Verschoor; Johanna P Uscategui; Sami A Chadi; Gabriela Moeslein; Manish Chand; Yasuko Maeda; John R T Monson; Steven D Wexner; Julio Mayol Journal: World J Surg Date: 2020-10-08 Impact factor: 3.352
Authors: Joan Bestard-Escalas; Rebeca Reigada; José Reyes; Paloma de la Torre; Gerhard Liebisch; Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2021-05-11 Impact factor: 5.923