Miatta A Buxton1, Noemi Meraz-Cruz2, Brisa N Sanchez3, Carina J Gronlund4, Betsy Foxman5, Felipe Vadillo-Ortega6, Marie S O'Neill7. 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. Electronic address: mabuxton@umich.edu. 2. Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico. 3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. 4. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. 5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America. 6. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico. 7. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Environmental exposures are associated with a number of outcomes including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although inflammation is hypothesized to play a role, the mechanistic pathways between environmental exposures and adverse health outcomes, including associations between exposures and longitudinal measures of systemic and reproductive tract inflammation, need elucidation. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate whether exposure to air pollution is associated with immunologic responses in the systemic circulation and lower reproductive tract, and to evaluate whether systemic and reproductive tract immunologic responses are similar. METHODS: We quantified repeated measures of cytokines from cervico-vaginal exudates and serum obtained concurrently among 104 women with term pregnancies and estimated PM10 and CO exposure using the monitor nearest each participant's residence. Serum and cervico-vaginal cytokines were compared using Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Spearman rank correlations for select gestational months. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to quantify reproducibility of cytokine measurements, and Tobit regression to estimate associations between air pollution and cytokines. RESULTS: Median cervico-vaginal levels of IL-6, Eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNFα were higher than corresponding serum cytokines, significantly so for IL-6 and IP-10. Cervico-vaginal and serum cytokines were not correlated, but cytokines from the same fluid were correlated. ICCs for most serum cytokines were ≤0.40, while ICCs were higher in cervico-vaginal cytokines (range 0.52-0.83). IP-10 and Eotaxin had the highest ICCs for both cytokine sources. In adjusted models, PM10 was positively associated with serum cytokines IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1β and Eotaxin but inversely associated with cervico-vaginal cytokine TNFα, IP-10, MIP-1β, MCP-1 and Eotaxin, controlling for false discovery rate. CO was inversely associated with cervico-vaginal TNFα, IL-6, MIP-1β, MCP-1 and Eotaxin. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory processes are compartment-specific. Systemic inflammatory markers may provide information on immunologic processes and response to environmental exposures, but are not proxies for lower reproductive tract inflammation.
BACKGROUND: Environmental exposures are associated with a number of outcomes including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although inflammation is hypothesized to play a role, the mechanistic pathways between environmental exposures and adverse health outcomes, including associations between exposures and longitudinal measures of systemic and reproductive tract inflammation, need elucidation. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate whether exposure to air pollution is associated with immunologic responses in the systemic circulation and lower reproductive tract, and to evaluate whether systemic and reproductive tract immunologic responses are similar. METHODS: We quantified repeated measures of cytokines from cervico-vaginal exudates and serum obtained concurrently among 104 women with term pregnancies and estimated PM10 and CO exposure using the monitor nearest each participant's residence. Serum and cervico-vaginal cytokines were compared using Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Spearman rank correlations for select gestational months. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to quantify reproducibility of cytokine measurements, and Tobit regression to estimate associations between air pollution and cytokines. RESULTS: Median cervico-vaginal levels of IL-6, Eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNFα were higher than corresponding serum cytokines, significantly so for IL-6 and IP-10. Cervico-vaginal and serum cytokines were not correlated, but cytokines from the same fluid were correlated. ICCs for most serum cytokines were ≤0.40, while ICCs were higher in cervico-vaginal cytokines (range 0.52-0.83). IP-10 and Eotaxin had the highest ICCs for both cytokine sources. In adjusted models, PM10 was positively associated with serum cytokines IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1β and Eotaxin but inversely associated with cervico-vaginal cytokine TNFα, IP-10, MIP-1β, MCP-1 and Eotaxin, controlling for false discovery rate. CO was inversely associated with cervico-vaginal TNFα, IL-6, MIP-1β, MCP-1 and Eotaxin. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory processes are compartment-specific. Systemic inflammatory markers may provide information on immunologic processes and response to environmental exposures, but are not proxies for lower reproductive tract inflammation.
Authors: David J X Gonzalez; Allison R Sherris; Wei Yang; David K Stevenson; Amy M Padula; Michael Baiocchi; Marshall Burke; Mark R Cullen; Gary M Shaw Journal: Environ Epidemiol Date: 2020-06-05
Authors: Miatta A Buxton; Noemi Meraz-Cruz; Brisa N Sanchez; Betsy Foxman; Marisol Castillo-Castrejon; Marie S O'Neill; Felipe Vadillo-Ortega Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-26 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Theresa M Bastain; Thomas Chavez; Rima Habre; Ixel Hernandez-Castro; Brendan Grubbs; Claudia M Toledo-Corral; Shohreh F Farzan; Nathana Lurvey; Deborah Lerner; Sandrah P Eckel; Fred Lurmann; Isabel Lagomasino; Carrie Breton Journal: Environ Health Date: 2021-11-27 Impact factor: 5.984
Authors: Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow; Charlotte Burmeister; Johnna Birbeck; Yalei Chen; Lois Lamerato; Lawrence D Lemke; Jia Li; Gil Mor; Brendan F O'Leary; Rosalind M Peters; John J Reiners; F Gianluca Sperone; Judy Westrick; Evan Wiewiora; Jennifer K Straughen Journal: J Reprod Immunol Date: 2021-03-09 Impact factor: 3.993